tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-24632682669127793892024-03-12T16:55:48.047-07:00How to write a simple essayOn What Page Does The Topic Go In An Apa PaperRidge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-42456316873252466982020-08-26T02:36:00.001-07:002020-08-26T02:36:13.515-07:00Looking At Social Work Theories And Methods Social Work Essay Essay ExampleSeeing Social Work Theories And Methods Social Work Essay Example Seeing Social Work Theories And Methods Social Work Essay Seeing Social Work Theories And Methods Social Work Essay This article will stay of four boss parts. In parcel one the exposition will give a short introduction and history to cultural work hypotheses and strategies. Voyaging frontward the exposition will take a gander at the significance and estimation of hypotheses and techniques corresponding to cultural work and how it advises design. All through, notice will be made to the most mainstream theoretician. Section two will perceive how cultural work hypotheses and techniques can be effectively applied in the medication and intoxicant field. Given an outline of this, it will be important to show how two cultural work techniques are picked, and applied, in the intervention of a representation example overview. Where relevant, parts from administration clients will be utilized to pass on more knowledge and equalization to the article. Section three will be an investigation of a cultural work technique utilized in the outline case study. From the technique, the article will research and measur e, in profundity, the way it supports hostile to unfair example. Section four of this article will prevail upon a consideration on how the student has increased a significant discernment base all through the staff and task. This examination will other than demo how the student will use this cognizance base in design. No examination would be finished without a brief articulation at how agonizing example can play a basic bit of future cultural work design. An underlying risk evaluation was done by the referral laborer, in the vena of an oppugning hypothetical record to put potential perils and threats to staff and other assistance clients, in any case as talked about by Smale, Tuson and Statham ( 2000 ) taking a qualities based assault would let referral laborers and cardinal specialists to function as confederates, facilitating administration clients to put requests and results. During mediation with Mr AB Sessionss, in the signifier of a trade hypothetical record, were done trying that farther evaluation turned into a method of duologue rather than simply a reality happening crucial the trading of contemplations and data. This assault is perfect with the model of undertaking focused example, fitting with this mediation ( Ford A ; Postle, 2000 ) Key work Sessionss began with Mr AB and from the earliest starting point the strategy was clarified and the points clarified, it was other than disclosed to Mr AB that because of organization strategies, and his footings and states of remain in obscurity cover, these Sessionss were cut restricted so a positive stoping to the expert relationship was sought after. It was other than thought about that this assault would chop down the force flimsiness in the relationship ; by the by the force will neer be to the full adjusted when working inside administrative and multi department processs ( Parker A ; Bradley, 2008 ) However as expressed by Dalymple A ; Burke ( 2000 ) it is important to try to approve rather so disempowere with the interest to equilibrate power connections. For this situation this can be confirm by the composed understandings in the signifier of the examination and bolster program . Week after week key laborer Sessionss consented to by Mr AB offered farther help as required and opportunity to reevaluate whether pined for results were being accomplished, as in the National Occupational Standards Key Role and sketched out by Supporting Peoples and the agency strategy and processs ( ODPM, 2004 ) . ( Walker A ; Beckett, 2007 ) . It is other than would normally be appropriate to non only cod data as part of the cardinal laborer Sessionss yet to equilibrate discoveries so as to deliver a general examination of perils and request ( Walker A ; Beckett, 2007 ) . All through the evaluation procedure it is important to be aware of the impacts of moralss, force, and demonstrable skill alongside hostile to harsh example. Middleton ( 1997 ) states that so as to approve, it is important to regard the individual, elevate their qualities and get bying capacities. It is henceforth important that cardinal specialist Sessionss be led with a non critical mentality. While admiting the key specialist has various qualities and position to Mr AB demoing belief to individuals in all condition of affairss can be hard by and by as expressed in via Carl Rogers ( 1951, 1961 ) the human analyst the individual should demo they are echt, and depict sympathy and warmth. It become obvious as cardinal specialist Sessionss proceeded with that Mr AB was unwilling to arraign with this administration as he was in pre thought ( Denial ) ( Prowchaska A ; Di Clamentis 1996 ) . In any case, the threat of removal on the off chance that he did non stick to his states of remain was a significant worry to Mr AB similar to going destitute and holding to kip harsh. It is extremely of import to recover that as cardinal working mediates in the lives of helpless individuals these individuals have the privilege non to be casualties of unseasoned and conceivable unsafe interventions. This affirms the interest of seeing how hypothesis identifies with design and larning from exploration and grounds based example ( Rutter, 2006 ) This affirms Maslow ( 1970 ) who appears in his chain of command of interest, that before greater levels of popularity can be satisfied fundamental needs are required to be in topographic point. Hence to let Mr AB to travel frontward in his life he expects backing to get down a procces to set these requests in topographic point ( Giddens, 2006 ) . Mr AB during his cardinal work Sessionss talked about his sentiments and it was felt by him that no odds were detached to him and that he was battling against a general public that was harsh and keeping up him down. It was called attention to Mr AB that his place in the public arena was that of a way of life pick, that society is modifying to back up individuals to come on and that picks were loosened to him ( Giddens, 2006 ) ) . It is all things considered important to concede as expressed by Bronfenbrenner ( 1979 ) that various degrees of society will follow up on the people life class. Other than expressed by Jack and Jack ( 2000 ) people are stocks of their condition and can neer be to the full seen separately from each other. As expressed by Crawford A ; Walker ( 2005 ) sections have the conceivable to be harrowing even those that are arranged and invited. As the intervention system advanced and the help program sold positive outcomes remembering structure for self image affirmation which prompted Mr AB chasing and securing segment cut business Doel ( 1994 ) states that administration client rationale may debilitate and it was thus of import to go on back uping and advancing Mr AB S contribution and committedness to work. By following a hypothetical record that worked with administration clients qualities assisted with ensuring that an enemy of severe point of convergence was kept up. . Utilizing undertaking focused example as talked about by Ford A ; Postle ( 2009 ) closes were set which would back up the investigating and consideration of classs which give essential figuring machine achievements, with the accomplishment of each end expected to propel affirmation and farther intention ( Rooney A ; Larsen, 1997 ) . Thusly for this situation the arranged stoping and results have non been acknowledged, with occasions finding a substitute class of activity ( Walker A ; Beckett, 2007 ) . The primary segment of this article will lookA at the connection between cultural work strategies and substance abuse Refusal can other than be clarified as a resistance instrument system whichA is establishedA by aA person when there is aA dangerA that heA or she will go mindful of or actA onA unconsciousA crude urges that areA unacceptableA ( Freud, 1967 ) . ) . Knatz ( 1999 ) states that refusal is a resistance instrument by which people can get by with terrible universes. Be mindful that the term liquor abuse suggests infection/condition.A IfA youA utilize the term liquor fixation in assignments, be sure toA establishA that youA meanA to state liquor addiction and non liquor reliance ) . IfA youA useA generalA specifies around measurements on intoxicant, look to make reference to British insights, you could use National Treatment Agency site considers, Office of National Statistics ( ONS ) , NICE rules on mediation of alcoholA dependencyA for British/UK informations, all accessible on line LetsA giveA theA wordA relationshipA an alternate definition from the dictionaries, forA opening theA meaningA of theA wordA much of the time leadsA to more prominent understanding.A - A tooA everyday, would be smarter to region, The word relationship has shifted definitions from various beginnings of writing. Strife is aA partA of practically every relational relationship.A ThereforeA it could be expressed that pull offing battle, An is importantA if the relationship is to beA long-lastingA and rewarding.A Jason and Beth have army battles and obstructions which keep them from holding a progressively viable relationship.A Interpersonal connections and conveying ( is a bipartisan road ) , exorbitantly conversational, state have commonality Beth and Jason seemA to sometimes communicateA between one another, aA furtherA factor which seems to loan to the deterioration of their relationship. It can offer ascent to more prominent tension, wretchedness, A sleep deprivation, and general hurt, reducedA self-esteemA andA affirmation, and at times upset family unit relationsA ( Fryer,1992 ; Jahoda,1982 ) . Book reference Hairdresser, G ( 2002 ) Social work with addiction.A Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire Berger, G. ( 1993 ) , Alcoholism and theA family.A New York: Franklin Watts Conville, Richard ( 1998 ) The importance of relationship in relational communication.A Praeger Publications.A Califonia. Heider, Fritz ( 1958 ) The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations.A LawrenceA ErlbaumA partners Jahoda, M ( 1982 ) Employment and Unemployment ( The Psychology of Social Issues ) .A Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-31075930441110648112020-08-22T06:40:00.001-07:002020-08-22T06:40:28.491-07:00Santas Reply - A Funny, Comedic Male Monologue'Santa Clause's Reply' - A Funny, Comedic Male Monolog This independent comedic male monolog highlights Santa attempting to win back Mrs. Claus. On the off chance that you need to know how this upbeat couple self-destructed, read Mrs. Provisos piece in our rundown of comedic female monologs. It might be utilized by understudies, on-screen characters, executives for instructive or proficient purposes. Be that as it may, recall, it is simply a work of fiction. In all actuality, Mr. what's more, Mrs. Claus are joyfully hitched! Santas Reply Santa Clause: Dear Mrs. Claus... Since the time you left me for the Easter Bunny, my life has gotten totally inane. Without you, the North Pole really is the loneliest place on the planet. Without you close by, there has been nobody to keep me on my eating regimen. Ive pigged out upon treats and milk. I even took Rudolphs carrots. I ate up the gingerbread house nearby. The neighbors are enraged. Ive gotten so enormous, the reindeer have created back issues. On account of me, the sled presently surpasses its most extreme limit. I dont think Ill have the option to clear the Rockies this Christmas Eve. What's more, I cannot quit drinking. Ive been going to Eggnog Anonymous gatherings, yet they just arent making a difference. What's more, I waver to specify how crushed the mythical beings have been. They continue inquiring as to yourself. In this way, as should be obvious, without you, my life is ho-ho-shocking. It would be ideal if you return to me. I dont care if youre wicked or pleasant. Theres nobody else I need underneath my mistletoe. If you don't mind get back home. Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-79885719503057102162020-08-13T01:44:00.001-07:002020-08-13T01:44:04.151-07:00The Best Books We Read in May, 2015The Best Books We Read in May, 2015 We asked our contributors to share the best book they read this month. Weâve got fiction, nonfiction, YA, and much, much more- there are book recommendations for everyone here! Some are old, some are new, and some arenât even out yet. Enjoy and tell us about the highlight of your reading month in the comments. 1222 by Anne Holt Norwegian crime novel starring Hanne Wilhelmsen, a retired police detective, paraplegic, lesbian, and semi-misanthrope. A powerful snowstorm hits Norway, and the train Hanne is taking from Oslo to Bergen derails. Miraculously, all 269 passengers surviveâ"the only casualty was the trainâs engineerâ"and hole up in a nearby hotel to wait out the storm. And that, of course, is when the murders start. Hanne Wilhelmsen is my new favorite detective: sheâs a woman who takes advantage of the prejudices and assumptions often attached to her wheelchair; sheâs more than willing to eavesdrop, to manipulate, to lie; sheâs a crankier, less polite Miss Marple. This is actually the eighth book in the series, but the first to be translated into Englishâ"I canât wait to read the others! Leila Roy Above Us Only Sky by Michelle Stone-Young I picked up this book as a gift for my Lithuanian friends, and just had to take a peek before handing it off. Long story short: this book isnât leaving my home! About a young girl in America from a broken home who one day discovers she was born with wings (yes, wings) and is then reconnected with her Lithuanian and German grandparentsâ"omg. First, itâs told from multiple POVs, which works really well in this instance; second, it sneakily plopped me into WWII and I canât bear âwar booksâ but this one made me BE in the war and experience it and feel ALL THE EMOTIONS; third, it delivers several family-related sucker punches that just left me breathless. Iâm tentatively comparing it to Toni Morrisonâs Song of Solomon, just with Lithuanian rather than African themes. And donât worry, another copy is on the way to the original intended readers. Alison Peters Americanah by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie This has been a GREAT reading month for me, capped off a fantastic late-month streak of Station Eleven, Nimona, and Americanah back to back that made it nigh-impossible to pick just one! All three are excellent in their own completely different ways which made it even harder to compare, so in the end I devised an elaborate coin-toss system with the result of Americanah as the winner. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichieâs Americanah is the story of Ifemelu and Obinze, college sweethearts born and raised in Nigeria whose lives diverge sharply when Ifemlu moves to the United States for school and Obinze is pushed into life as an undocumented worker in England. Both grapple with issues of race, identity, and belonging âbigâ topics that are explored in an intimate, immediate way. Beyond this basic plot description, I can offer only superlatives. Americanah instantly absorbing; Adichieâs story and characters absolutely grab you from page one and pull you along for the full five hundred pages . It is sharp and incisive and unflinching while being incredibly warm and compassionate. Itâs the kind of book that elicits a sigh of disappointment at its incredibly well-written, satisfying ending because you just want it to go on forever. I am not usually the proscriptive sort, but I really think Americana is a book everyone should read. Maddie Rodriguez Aurora by Kim Stanley Robinson This eye-buggingly awesome novel follows a group of 2,000 people as their generation starship nears its ultimate destination: a habitable planet in the Tau Ceti system.They were all born on the ship and only know about Earth (which is still inhabited) through stories and shipâs records. When they get to the planet theyâve named âAurora,â however, their carefully-laid plans evaporate and they must decide whether to roam around looking for other habitable planets in this system, or âreturnâ to Earth. Robinson asks us to consider so many practical and ethical problems associated with generational space travel, terraformation, and colonization. I highly highly highly recommend that you read it. Rachel Cordasco The Beautiful Struggle by Ta-Nehisi Coates One of our foremost intellectuals takes a look back at his Baltimore childhood, his complicated relationship with his father, and his circuitous journey toward self-awareness. Coatess is a dynamic voice that I look to for perspective and clarity on just about any issue of importance, and given recent events in Baltimore, itâs fascinating to watch him trace the origins of that voice. His next book, Between the World and Me, doesnt come out until September, so those who cant wait should get their hands on this first-rate bildungsroman. Minh Le Born With Teeth by Kate Mulgrew I listened to this in audio almost entirely so that I could hear Kate Mulgrew say âborn with teethâ through her teeth. Listener, it was worth it. I loved watching Mulgrew as Captain Janeway on Star Trek: Voyager because of her strong, commanding presence, the way she was in charge of that whole star ship, the way sheâd say âweâre just trying to get home.â (I really like her voice, okay?) People always praise Amy Poehler and Tina Fey for their no-holds-barred attitudes in their memoirs, but theirs are nothing compared to Mulgrew. Mulgrew never says sheâs lucky, never thanks anyone for their help, never says that she is blessed: she had talent, she worked, and she was successful. End of story. Iâve never read a memoir by a woman that was less apologetic. It was fascinating and refreshing and almost off-putting to read about a woman who was 100% ego. I kept checking to make sure I wasnât accidentally listening to Kate Mulgrew Reads Hemingwayâs Autobiography or someth ing. Mulgrew is a better writer than I expectedthere are some lovely sentencesand she tells some great stories about her big Irish family, New York theater, and the Kennedys, but the real reason to read this is to hear Kate Mulgrew talk about her hero, Kate Mulgrew. Jesse Doogan Capture (Elements of Chemistry 3) by Penny Reid Admittedly, I spent some time whining about how silly and unbelievable the previous two books in this series were (Attraction and Heat), but Capture pulled it all together. My personal theory is that books one and two are the longest prologue in the history of humankind and the actual story only happens in Capture. To sum up: college student Kaitlyn Parker is spending Christmas break in NYC playing gigs with her band. But when her sleeping arrangements fall through, Kaitlynâs only option is to stay with Martin Sandekeâ"the same guy who broke her heart last semester. Bad idea, or terrible idea? Martinâs previously cartoonishly alpha behavior mellows in Capture, and he shows genuine, sympathetic emotion. I also liked that the book wasnât just about Martin chasing Kaitlyn around, but about Kaitlyn emerging from her shell and discovering what she wants. Plus, itâs unputdownableâ"I stayed up until 7am reading! Definitely recommend this one if youâre in the mood for a fun, fast contemporary romance. You can even skip the first two volumes (and the prologue at the beginning of this oneâ"skip all prologues, thatâs my advice) and jump straight into it if you like. Tasha Brandstatter Citizen: An American Lyric by Claudia Rankine A combination of poetry, essays, scripts, and images, Claudia Rankine examines racial aggressions inherent in daily life and the media. This is a challenging, thought-provoking book in form and content, and it left me thinking and with a compulsion to re-read. Andi Miller Crooked Heart by Lissa Evans (Harper, July 28) An Blitz evacueeraised until recently by a formidable, slightly-off suffragistand a small-time con artist team up to cheat and swindle their way through the war until a quest for justice complicates everything. Itâs a good pitch; it got me to pick up the book, after all. But if you stop at the summary, you miss the full richness and delight of this lovely title: the characters are charmingly uncharming, the writing is always strong and frequently beautiful, the history is nicely done, and more. Basically, the book just works, and you should read it as soon as youâre able. Derek Attig Everything Everything by Nicola Yoon (Delacorte, September 1) Maddy, who is half Japanese, half black, has SCID a disease that makes her allergic to everything. She never leaves her house, and her schedule is very regimented and very protected by her mother and attending nurse. But when Olly and his family move in next door, suddenly Maddy takes a shine to him, even though she knows she can never meet him . Doing so might make her sick since she cant go outside. But Maddie decides she likes him too much not to try to meet him. With the assistance of her nurse, Olly visits. And thenso much more happens between them. This is a romance with immense amounts of heart to it. Maddy knows shes risking everything for this relationship, but she doesnt care. She wants to know this boy. Shes watched him and his family and she gets to know him and loves him more and more. Yoonâs debut novel is told in a fun format with doodles, doctor reports, notes, instant message exchanges, emails, and more. There is a fantastic twist in the book that took it from good to great for me it makes perfect sense, but never once did I anticipate it before it happened. Readers who love smart, fun, engaging, fast paced stories will want to pick this up when it hits shelves in the fall. It will be big and it should be. Kelly Jensen God Help the Child by Toni Morrison Morrisonâs new novel, her first set in contemporary times, explores issues of race, class, color, and gender through a story about a young woman whose life has been defined by traumas she suffered in childhood. Bride is beautiful, successful, and deeply troubled. Reeling from a break-up, she has a car accident that leaves her stranded with a white family in the middle of nowhere while her wounds heal. There, Bride begins to unpack the experiences that shaped her and grapple with what it means to be a black woman in America today. This is a short, powerful novel packed with the kinds of razor-sharp observations readers have come to expect from Morrison. Though it didnât go all of the places I wanted it to, I am still thinking about it, and I will be thinking about it for a long time. No one else does what Morrison does, and that makes this a read not to be missed. Rebecca Joines Schinsky Harry Potter and the Sorcererâs Stone by J.K. Rowling These days as an adult you canât just read Harry Potter; you venture into what is a publishing phenomenon knowing that the series has sold hundreds of millions of copies, that there is a theme park and movie franchise and merchandising. Itâs not a book, itâs a company. Anyway, I had a great time with it but was very conscious that I was reading Harry Potter while I was reading Harry Potter (if you know what I mean?). Itâs a fun ride of a story and I completely understand kidsâ love of it. Great, fun storytelling, well deserving of the praise and millions of copies sold. Johann Thorsson Headscarves and Hymens: Why The Middle East Needs A Sexual Revolution by Mona Eltahawy Mona (an amazing activist who earned my eternal respect by going up against Pam Geller) discusses gender relations, particularly lingering problems, in the Middle East as they relate to recent political upheavals and religious traditionalism. Sheâs brilliant and incisive and has been in the mix herself, so thereâs a credibility here that not many can touch. Michelle Anne Schingler The Heir by Kiera Cass I enjoyed the first three books in the Selection series. I didnât run around telling everyone to read them, but I liked them. I really liked the Selection Stories, particularly the one about Queen Amberly. It was about an hour into listening to The Heir that I realized what I was loving about it compared to my lukewarm enjoyment of America and Maxonâs trilogy: I hated the narrator, Princess Eadlyn. And I loved that. A lot of complaints Iâve seen about The Heir is that Eadlyn is a clueless bitch. Yeah, she is. I could use more YA with flawed female characters who need to grow their asses up. Iâm looking forward to more of her story, and hope to see her grow into the queen she needs to become. Jessica Pryde Lost Boi by Sassafras Lowrey My expectations were so high for this book just based on the premise: a queer, punk retelling of Peter Pan. From the first page I was relieved that this was exactly the book I was hoping it would be. Lowreyâs interpretation works incredibly well, somehow incorporating so many familiar elements and even lines into a whole different setting. Not only was this enjoyable to read, it also left me thinking about gender, consent, and what it means to âgrow up.â This is not a book for everyone: it is about living a 24/7 D/s relationship and also tackles homelessness, poverty, and addiction. But that was what made me fall in love with Lost Boi: it is absolutely unapologetic about what it is and who it appeals to, and I think thatâs what makes it so successful. Danika Ellis Lonesome Dove by Larry McMurtry Iâm diving into Westerns because of Mary Doria Russellâs fantastic Doc and Epitaph. I decided to start with the classicâ"Lonesome Doveâ"and absolutely loved the hell out of it. The characters are complex and interesting. The backdrop is this totally romanticized Western ideal, but its still stunningly beautiful. There are storms of crickets and rivers of snakes and grizzly bears and gunfights and and and⦠I finished it in a rush, which is a lot, because this is a chunkster of a novel. I basically didnt see my family for two days. Worth it. Nikki Steele Love is Red by Sophie Jaff I cannot and will not stop talking about this book. Itâs equal parts creepy and charming, and does a great job blending fantasy into a modern thriller. Katherine Emerson is part of a prophecy, unbeknownst to her, and a serial killer terrorizing New York must get to her before the prophecy comes to fruition. The chapters alternate between Katherineâs POV and the POV of the Sickle Man, which is told in second person. With the perspective of the Sickle Man, the book gave me a Lolita vibe, where the narrator is completely twisted but you find yourself somewhat taken by their prose. Itâs the first book in a trilogy and itâs unlike anything Iâve read recently. Definitely check it out. Amanda Diehl My Heart Is an Idiot by Davy Rothbart Full disclosure: Ive read My Heart Is an Idiot before. Ive read all of Davyâs books, and his magazine, FOUND, too. I just needed to read this one again. Davys essays are almost always about traveling the country, propelled or pulled by one love or another, and the strange things, people, places, situations he finds himself in along the way. I love his stories not only because I relate to them, but because one moment Ill myself laughing loudly and the next Ill be stunned into silence by one really real sentence that just gets to the heart of what its like to be a human with feelings. Readers seem to either love or hate Davys stories. I love themâ"a lot. Lynn Crothers The Night We Said Yes by Lauren Gibaldi Iâll be honest, Book Riot readers. Iâm probably going to be talking about The Night We Said Yes a lot in the coming months. One of the reasons I read Young Adult fiction is for the nostalgia factor, remembering the ups and downs of being an angst-filled teenager, believing I knew everything. And my goodness, Lauren Gibaldiâs debut really brings in the nostalgia factor, with sweet and awkward romance, exciting misadventures, and those complicated friendships that really defined being a growing, teenager-and-almost-but-not-quite-yet-adult. Alternating between the past and the present, The Night We Said Yes tells the story of a group of friends, a lot of dares, and the aftershocks of a breakup and friend-gone-astray. Itâs a lovely, breezy contemporary romance that Iâm certain teens everywhere will relate to, while simultaneously challenging one another to similar nights full of memories, laughter, and the drama we pretended to dislike, but deep down, seriously loved. Eric Smi th Orient by Christopher Bollen I was wildly delighted by this smart, sexy mystery set in Orient in Long Island. Orient is a small town populated by old school locals and nouveau riche New Yorkers. Under Orients quiet facade hide scandals, crimes, affairs, and shady dealings. The locals are struggling to keep their town from being bought up by millionaires; theres a secretive government facility that might be the cause of the strange dead creature that washed up on the beach; and the accidental deaths of two residents may not have been so accidental. When a stranger arrives for the summer to help a resident fix up his home, he quickly falls under suspicion when a horrific crime is committed, and thats all of Orients hidden ugliness starts bubbling to the surface. This is one of those incredibly well-written mysteries that have such a great narrative and attention to detail that the mystery almost seems secondary. And it has a No way did that just happenOMG IT DID moment that had me reeling. This book is nasty and delicious and I loved it! Liberty Hardy Our Endless Numbered Days by Claire FullerClaireâs father convinces her that the world is going to end and that they need to protect themselves by separating themselves off from society. And he was lying. I love the response to dystopian-based paranoia here and the book has an awesomely clear and casual pace to it. Jessi Lewis The Penderwicks in Spring by Jeanne Birdsall I preordered this book last year, and when it arrived last month I realized I needed to reread the first three books in the series to get the full experience. Then I realized that my two daughters were old enough to understand the books now, so I started reading the first book out loud to them at night. We inched our way through the books with me reading one chapter a night out loud while The Penderwicks in Spring mocked me from the dining room table where it sat like a centerpiece. A few days ago my daughters and I began the third book, and I couldnât take it anymore. I had to read the fourth one, immediately. I read The Penderwicks in Spring all in one helping, a box of tissues next to me the whole time. Birdsall has made me love this family so much her whimsical, loving writing makes her one of my favorite authors of all time. Karina Glaser The People in the Trees by Hanya Yanagihara I was a ridiculously huge fan of Yanagiharas 2015 second novel, A Little Life, so I decided to read her debut. The two books are vastly different, sharing only a few similar themes. TPITT has shades of both Lolita and Pale Fire, so if youre a Nabokov junkie, read it now. It also has two unreliable narrators, with one giving footnotes on the other. They are both pretty terrible people so if youre down for unlikable characters, read it now. But as for the meat of the book, this story of a scientist and a lost Micronesian tribe is about modern man and the way he taints everything he touches. Its also a look into the mind of a man who mistakes perversion for something good and noble. A book with big themes and big ambition. Jessica Woodbury Rat Queens, Volume 2: The Far Reaching Tentacles of NâRygoth written by Kurtis J. Wiebe, illustrated by Roc Upchurch and Stjepan Å ejic What is Rat Queens? Rat Queens is a gender-swapped Lord of the Rings, if Tolkien had dropped f-bombs instead of elven poetry. Rat Queens is coming home after a night of partying with your girlfriends and playing Dungeons Dragons. Rat Queens is a NSFW Discworld novel. The series follows the adventures of a band of mercenaries: Hannah is a rockabilly elven mage, Violet is a hipster dwarf, Dee is an atheist cleric from a cult that worships a Cthulu-like god, and Betty is a hippie Smidgen thief. This trade paperback, which includes issues 6-10 of the comic, follows Deeâs story as she struggles with her faith. And by âstruggles,â I mean âbattles,â because her familyâs god, NâRygoth, comes to visit. I have been waiting for this book since I finished the first Rat Queens trade paperback, Sass and Sorcery, months ago. Volume Two was everything I hoped it would be: laugh-out-loud funny, diverse, visually beautiful, and always surprising. If you love fantasy and like seeing genres subverted, check this series out. A.J. OâConnell Red or Dead by David Peace First things first. This is not as good as The Damned United. Bill Shankly, the fabled manager and architect of Liverpool FCâs glittering success during the 1960s and 1970s, is nowhere near as interesting a character as Brian Clough, the focus of Peaceâs previous foray into the mind of a footballing genius. Compared to The Damned Unitedâs taught timeline of 40 days in Cloughâs career, Red or Dead sprawls over several decades and several hundred extra pages. But enough gripes. Red or Dead is still a cracking read. As usual, Peace marries form and content. Shanklyâs likable but obsessive nature is reflected in the endless, hypnotic repetition of dates, names, scorers, and routine. It builds, through the triumphs and the disappointments, until the moment he suddenly, unexpectedly retires. After the onslaught of hundreds of pages of match reports, retirement stretches as an empty, listless future for both the reader and Shankly. When his career at Liverpool recedes, Shanklyâs habitual nature is beached, leaving him stranded as a figure of pity. Poor Bill. Edd McCracken Secrets from the Eating Lab: The Science of Weight Loss, the Myth of Willpower, and Why You Should Never Diet Again by Traci Mann I am a total sucker for nonfiction books about both food and science, so the combination of the two makes me ecstatic. Even if youâre not prone to dieting, Secrets From the Eating Lab has a lot of fascinating information about what drives our dietary habits. I loved reading about the eating studies and how certain cues affect everyone who eats food (which is pretty much everyone, right?). Very informative, very even-handed, and steeped in actual science instead of opinion. Susie Rodarme The Skies Belong to Us by Brendan Koerner Since airport security ramped up to infinity after September 11, 2001, itâs hard to imagine a time when air travel wasnât a stressful hassle. Yet prior to the mid-1970s, and the idea of making passengers go through metal detectors or body scanners made airline executives so nervous they would rather take potential airplane hijackers to Cuba and meet their ransom demands. The Skies Belong to Us tells the story of a rash of skyjackings that began in 1968, focusing specifically on the love story of âshattered Army veteran and a mischievous party girlâ who managed to pull off the longest-distance hijacking in history. This book is an absolute page-turner, made even more unbelievable because itâs all actually true. Kim Ukura Stallo by Stefan Spjut (Faber Faber, June 2) Remember the good old days when trolls referred to magical creatures rather than misogynists with Cheetos crumbs in their neckbeards? This strange thriller will take you back to that time via snowy Sweden. It seems to start as a crime novel about a troubled mother and a child abduction but soon woodland creatures start to act shady and Susso the amateur cryptozoologist has taken an interest. It kept me reading past my bedtime with a mixture of the sparse âNordic Noirâ style and the heavy richness of Swedish mythology, specifically that of the Sami people. Yes, the story jumps between viewpoints and itâs not always made immediately obvious what the characters are dealing with (other than snow, lots and lots of snow) but thereâs plenty of tension to hold your interest until it becomes clear. Youâll never look at a lemming the same way again. Rachel Weber Three Body Problem by Cixin Liu (Translated by Ken Liu) Amidst the chaos of Chinas Cultural Revolution, an alien civilization makes first contact with a secret Chinese military facility. The alien planet is being destroyed, and they make plans to invade Earth. Here on terra firma, human beings split into factions, with some believing we should allow the aliens to destroy us because humanity is beyond saving, while others want to ask the aliens to spare (but help) us. This is sci-fi at its hardest (hello, astrophysical theories and a hell of a lot of math), but also at its most philosphical: just how much faith should humanity have in itself? At the end of it all, are we really worth saving? Amanda Nelson Tracks by Robyn Davidson When Robyn Davidson was 25 years old, she decided she was going to walk 1,700 miles across the Australian desert. She spent the mid-1970s training three camels, and with the help of a commission from National Geographic, spent nine months braving heat upwards of 130 degrees, belligerent wild bull camels, and prickly shrubs the likes of which only exist in the Outback. But the dangers were not solely environmental. Fearful, anxious moments after losing a compass, realizing the camels have wandered unusually far from camp during the night, and the increasing eccentricity that sets in after going weeks at a time without interacting with another human being. During her travels, Davidson describes the grandeur of her surroundings- the unyielding rusty earth dotted with crackling brush, the occasional distant rock formation splitting the horizon. And the less grandiose- Aboriginal villages with families squeezed together in tin huts, automobiles, and tents. The unfettered racism of many she meets along the way. A peripheral civil rights activist, condemnation of her homelandâs treatment of its first inhabitants permeates the book as an indelible part of the landscape. The film adaptation by the same name is available on Netflix. Ellison Langford Trash by Dorothy Allison While this collection of stories is slim, odds are itâll take you a few days to trek through. I was confident it was a two-night read, but the gritty, harnessed prose slowed me up and caused it to take about a week. When you read one of Allisonâs stories, it takes time to digest. As a reader I was encouraged to dissect each one, but felt as if the job had already been done for me intentionally. Digging for the deeper meaning seems entirely against Allisonâs intention, but at the same time is gut-wrenchingly necessary. Everything is on the table. Aram Mrjoian The Tusk That Did the Damage by Tania James I donât know what I was expecting out of this novel aside from an elephant narrator, but WOW. There is indeed an elephant narrator, which might sound cute to you. Let me assure you, cute is the last thing this book is. Powerful, compelling, beautifully written, with a stunning ending: yes. Telling the stories of those involved in elephant poaching in South India (including the elephant), The Tusk That Did the Damage will stick with you for a very long time. Jenn Northington Unbecoming by Rebecca Scherm I picked this book up because the title/cover caught my attention and I started reading it not knowing a thing about it. I was delighted to discover itâs the type of book that gives you little crumbs along the way, just enough mystery to keep you turning the page. It starts with Grace living in Paris, pretending to be someone else, working for a restorer (jewelry/antiques) and flashes back to her teens up until she fled to Europe from the U.S. Soon you realize pretending is what Grace does, becoming the girl she thinks others want her to be but which, if any, version is the real her? Iâve become (no pun intended) a big fan of the âunlikeable, flawed and complicated female character and this certainly delivered. Jamie Canaves The Wake by Paul Kingsnorth (Graywolf, September 1) Kingsnorthâs novel was on the longlist for the 2014 Man Booker Prize, and it seemed to me the most interesting book in the bunch. I waited and waited for a US release until I couldnât stand it any longer and ordered a copy from the UKwell worth the trouble. It tells of the aftermath of the Norman invasion of England in 1066, and it does it in its own âshadow tongue,â a modernized and easily intelligible version of the Old English that was spoken before our language got all Frenchified and Latinate. Itâs a sophisticated way to recapture the primitive brutality of the era, and the results are powerful indeed. The Wake has all the post-apocalyptic oomph of Cormac McCarthyâs The Road and carries all the historical weight of Beowulf. Luckily, Graywolf Press is bringing the book to American audiences in September. James Crossley The Wicked + the Divine: VOL. 1, The Faust Act by Kieron Gillen, Jamie McKelvie, Matthew Wilson, and Clayton Cowles Iâve had my eye on The Wicked + The Divine ever since I saw it announced via a two page spread at the end of Pretty Deadly by Kelly Sue DeConnick. And after reading Iâm both happy and sad I waited this long to read it: happy because I got to read a good chunk, sad because this is the best thing Iâve read since Saga. The set up is this: every ninety years, twelve teenagers become reincarnated gods. Two years later itâs lights out, no excuses, they all die. This time around the gods are like pop stars: flashy, over the top, spoiled, and indulgent. If that doesnât sound awesome enough how about this: a Lorde-esque goth/punk Morrigan, a Rhianna-double as Sakhmet, a rapper who could be Kanyeâs little brother as Baal Hadad, and a genderqueer Tilda Swinton/David Bowie mash up as Lucifer. And thatâs only the beginning. Into this mix is thrown Laura, a biracial fangirl who very quickly learns that even godhood has its price. With gorgeous art, an amazing storyline, and a truly diverse cast (so much diversity, beautiful, awesome diversity!), The Wicked + The Divine should definitely be on your list. Justina Ireland Wolf Winter by Cecilia Ekbäck Swedish Lapland in 1717. Maija and her family have just arrived from Finland and are struggling to make a living on a homestead given to them by Maijaâs uncle. One day, one of Maijaâs daughters discovers a dead body on the side of a mountain believed to be the dwelling of the Devil. Currently living in Toronto, Ekbäck comes from Swedish Lapland, which gives her a direct insight to the history, culture, and climate of her debut novel. Apart from a number of historical facts that Ekbäck, considering her knowledge of the Swedish language, easily could have researched, Wolf Winter is an entertaining read. E.H. Kern Written in the Stars by Aisha Saeed This is a book that completely took hold of me and didnât let go until I finished it. The story follows Naila, who is a Pakistani American girl with conservative immigrant parents. As she is finishing up her senior year of high school and excited to leave her home to attend college, her parents find out that she is dating someone the one thing strictly forbidden. Worried that she is headed down the wrong path, her parents immediately book a flight for the family to spend the summer in Pakistan. However, the vacation turns out to actually be an opportunity for her parents to find Naila a husband. The chapters are short, which keeps you pushing through the story until you find out what happens to Naila, and Aisha Saeed does such a great job talking about arranged marriages and the lack of choices available to many girls in a variety of cultures. Rincey Abraham ____________________ Book Riot Live is coming! Join us for a two-day event full of books, authors, and an all around good time. Its the convention for book lovers that weve always wanted to attend. So we are doing it ourselves. Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-8351673243020566502020-05-23T22:11:00.001-07:002020-05-23T22:11:03.398-07:00Legal Analysis Of Lee P. Cao And Louann P - 1053 Words Legal Analysis Lee P. Cao and Louann P. Cao, v. Huan Nguyen and Nega Pham (1) A representation of fact was made; Through the duplex case, we found a couple responding to an advertisement in which they had seen, which dealt with the sale of a living space. This space had been advertised as a duplex, which by definition, entails that it would be a home that would be divided into two separate apartments where potentially two different people(s) may reside. The representation of the property being a duplex residence was made. (2) The representation of the property being a duplex was false; Although the residence for sale had been listed as a duplex, the property itself did not comply with the space necessary to fulfill a duplex standard. Therefore, with this lack of space, the home did not uphold to the municipal code, which would legally accept it as a duplex. (3) The representation was made recklessly without knowledge of its truth. From the advertisement and information given by the sellers, we find that there are several factors when it comes to the question of whether or not the representation was made recklessly without the knowledge of its truth and as a positive assertion. The sellers disclosed the information that the home had been previously divided and rented into a two family dwelling which would lead one to think that it was in fact a duplex. Despite the layout of the home and reliance of fact from the previous ownership, now the sellers were also under theShow MoreRelatedWritten Report for ââ¬Å"July at the Multiplexâ⬠6160 Words à |à 25 PagesT. Plex and the Consortium FROM: Team 1 DATE: March 6, 2011 RE: Legal, Statistical, and Ethical Analysis of ââ¬Å"July at the Multiplexâ⬠As per your request, we have arranged a report based on the incident that plaintiff, moviegoer Tommy, has filed a civil complaint about. This incident involved Tommyââ¬â¢s visit to the Royal 16 Theater, your property in the Eastfield Mall, intending to watch a movie, ââ¬Å"The Governator.â⬠This analysis examines the possibilities and outcomes of the possibilities in order Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-59046361145830820702020-05-12T21:03:00.001-07:002020-05-12T21:03:02.537-07:00Conflict between Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the Northern Ireland Free Essay Example, 4000 words The state is comprised of six provinces and forms part of the region of Ulster. The majority of its kin have a place with one of the two groups: the Protestant relatives of Scottish and English pilgrims and a primarily Catholic group (Primo 2012, p. Religious and social customs merge with governmental issues. Unionists, comprised mainly of Protestant, need Northern Ireland to remain some piece of the UK. Patriots, Roman Catholic, have customarily supported union with the Irish Republic. Though a section of the UK, Northern Ireland oversees a significant number of its issues along its lines, including the education system (Whitten Kellstedt 2009, p. The country is slowly trying to come from the great conflict with IRA, which was famously known as The Troubles. The country is in the process of implementing a peace deal with the group so as to cease fire. The IRA (the Irish Republican Army) is a Catholic paramilitary association whose objective was to constrain the British out of No rthern Ireland and to be brought together with the Republic of Ireland. This relationship has existed subsequent to 1919 and is said to be in charge of the deaths of more than 1,700 individuals somewhere around 1969 and 1993.We will write a custom essay sample on Conflict between Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the Northern Ireland or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Sinn F in is the political party in Northern Ireland which has had the nearest cling to the IRA. This gathering has official MPs who are lawfully chosen for Parliament in London. Notwithstanding, they have declined to sit down there as a dissent against British political and military vicinity in Northern Ireland. Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-37218870874436218662020-05-06T12:54:00.001-07:002020-05-06T12:54:34.706-07:00Hurricane Igor Free Essays When going to cnn. com I found that right away it had the link that I could click on to see all of the information about how Bermuda is bracing for hurricane Igor. Also, there are links that you can click on to view videos and live feed to see how bad it actually is. We will write a custom essay sample on Hurricane Igor or any similar topic only for you Order Now This site tells you everything you need to know such as sustained winds, the wind gust, and the latitude and longitude of the hurricane. The one thing I found interesting is it gives you a picture of the projected path that it is going. It also tells you what category, or size, the hurricane is. As of right now CNN is saying that hurricane Igor is going to affect the United States east coast over the weekend. CNN also gives you a link that you can recommend this website to people on your Facebook. This is a good thing on their part because with the Facebook link people can like it and see this article on your Facebook. They can see that you went to this site and they might look at it and like it too. This means more publicity for CNN and more people will view the top stories on there. CNN has a big article on how sever and damaging hurricane Igor is. CNN also tells you about any other hurricanes or tropical storms that were or are going to be dangerous to the east coast or Bermuda and what their projected paths are. When I went onto MSNBC. com I found the article right away, with big bold letters that say ââ¬Å"Bermuda braces for ââ¬Ëlong and punishingââ¬â¢ Igor. â⬠This right away attracted me to click on that headline so I can get more information on the weather and Igor. After clicking on the link there is a big picture of someone boarding their house up to keep it safe. Down at the bottom of the website it gives you three options that you can tell people about this story. You can email this story to a friend, you can share it on Facebook or you can share it on twitter. These are three main ways that people can spread this story to others so that they are aware of how sever the hurricane is. MSNBC. com also gives you a huge, well detailed article written by Elizabeth Roberts. She stated how sever the weather was in the beginning of the week. It was a category four in the beginning of the week and it has now gone down to a category two hurricane. The reporter talks about the sustained winds and the location of hurricane Igor. She tells you where it is headed and where it is going to impact. They also have this interactive tracker that shows you three different hurricanes and you can click on each one to find out how sever each one is and where it is headed. This gets updated every couple of minutes. You can also put in your address and it will give you the 5 day forecast. You can also click on a link that will give you archives of previous storms. FOXnews. com was one if the difficult websites for me. I went to their site and I didnââ¬â¢t see anything on hurricane Igor that caught my attention. I had to really look for this story, and I found it as I scrolled down and there is a little box that has the latest news, most read, and videos. The Bermuda story was far down the list and you had to click on the link to go to the story. When going into this article, there are no pictures of hurricane Igor, it is all words. This site gives you an article by Rick Leventhal, in which he writes about hurricane Igor. In this article he states that hurricane Igor is a category two hurricane and how it makes landfall with sustained winds near 110 miles per hour, gusting to 130. Fox news also tells you that the last major storm was back in 2003. So that is a paragraph that was interesting because it showed how they havenââ¬â¢t had one since then. It gives you how a hotel business has gone down by 50% since hurricane season started; this isnââ¬â¢t good for Bermudas economy. You cannot share this with anyone on face book or twitter but there is a place that you can leave comments and you can get follow up via email if anyone comments on this story. There is a link that you can click on that will take you to the authorââ¬â¢s biography. It also gives you a list of all the articles he has written and there are someone other hurricanes on there. There are many similar things that all of these websites have such as telling everyone where the hurricane is located. It also describes in detail the wind gust and when it is suspected to hit the targeted area. Now when it comes to the difference there is a bunch of them. CNN from the beginning of the home page gives you a picture to look at, but also gives you a link to click on so you can view more. When you are looking on CNN you can see how they use bold writing when it comes to the sustained wind and wind gust, also the latitude and longitude. MSNBC on the other hand uses the hurricane interactive tracker to tell you all of that. I found that this is very detailed and very helpful. It is a different kind of tool that you can use to really see where hurricanes are going and who will be affected by them. MSNBC and CNN give you the option to send the information to someone by emailing, facebooking, or placing it on twitter. This helps them get more viewers and makes their rating go up for how many people view the website. Fox news on the other hand is not at all appealing for the weather. You have to really look for the article and when you find it, all it gives you is the article. The difference here is that there is not enough information for me about the hurricane, Igor. How to cite Hurricane Igor, Essay examples Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-70440247430046169852020-05-03T10:24:00.001-07:002020-05-03T10:24:03.229-07:00Business Sustainabilit Society and Planet Question: Discuss about the Business Sustainabilit Society and Planet. Answer: Introduction: Business sustainability can be defined as managing triple bottom line, which is a process used by the organisation in order to manage and handle the social, environmental and financial risks, opportunities and obligations. All of these mentioned impacts can be referred to as planet, people and profit (Boons et al., 2013). Being a student in the class, I have learned the sustainability related themes in proper manner. The lecturer of our class has mentioned the potential issues, and challenges, which may influence the business within a particular industry. Even he has mentioned the appropriate approaches to the sustainable business. The approach solely relies on the accounting based perspectives, which fail to capture the exact time element, which is inherent in the business sustainability. From this course, I have come to know only those businesses, which are closely interlinked with the healthy economic, environmental and social system are successful in todays competitive business w orld. Schoenherr (2012) has referred that the sustainable businesses contribute to the healthy ecosystems, economic values and strong communities. The entire discussion session has been changed my ideas and concepts on the subject of sustainability. It is an interesting fact that my class members also possess completely different view on this particular topic. I have clearly understood the triple bottom line, which is an accounting framework with three important aspects of business and an organisation. These factors are social, financial and environmental factors. I was unaware of this triple bottom line framework for evaluating its performance in the broader perspective for creating a suitable business value. The ecological footprint can be considered as a resource accounting tool. The lecturer provides lecture on the global footprint and asks our ways to reduce it. I have considered myself as a concerning person of the waste management, recycling used products before evaluating my ecological footprint. However, I was ashamed after know the result of my ecological footprint as I came to know that there will be shortage of resources in order to maintain my usual lifestyle. I will take some effective measure to reduce the issues that are revealed after reviewing my ecological footprint. I will change my food habits and will become vegetarian for supporting the green environment. This step will reduce the practice of over fishing in rivers, lake and oceans. Our concepts and ideas of business have been shaped by our education, relationships, thoughts and culture. The lecturer has focussed on the five forms of capital, which an organisation will employ for delivering heir services and products, human and social, financial and manufactured and natural. As the entire business world moves towards the maintenance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and create a sustainable business organisation, therefore, the management should enhance their existing stocks of capital assets (Vom Brocke et al., 2012). The lecturer has mentioned that it is very hard to maintain a perfect balance in between the sustainable practices and successful outcome of the business operations. This tutorial class clearly illustrates the impish link of starting and ending scopes of CSR. The lecturer has provided relevant notes and lectures on the related theories, approaches of CSR. There are huge differences in the maintenance of sustainable business practices within the large corporations and small companies. The phase model of Dunphy suggests a perfect model of the corporate evolution and an accelerated sustainability management (Benn et al., 2014). Dunphys six phases of the business approaches to sustainability involve the rejection, non-responsiveness, efficiency, compliance, strategic sustainability and the sustaining corporation. We have learned how the companies can employ this specific model for accelerating the sustainable business practices within the industry. This model can be clearly understood as a survival model and it can help an organisation to improve its basic level of profit by minimum 50%. Telstra is considered as the largest media and telecommunication company in Australia, which follow sustainable business practices in efficient manner (Telstra.com.au. 2016). The commitment of this particular company focuses on the employee involvement, environmental leadership and interconnection of the stakeholders. Telstra is committed of being accountable and transparent for continuing its business operation in the telecommunication industry of Australia. The organisational policies and practices of Telstra never stop strive for improving their traditional business practices and always maintain fair, sustainable, ethical and environmentally sound business in potential manner. Osborne et al., (2014) have depicted that ethical, sustainable and socially responsible business practices are important for modern business. After completion of this particular class, I am confident enough to choose excellent process of business operation with a proper maintenance of CSR and sustainability. This class will help me in future in potential manner for understanding the necessity of maintaining the sustainable business. It will also help me to take effective decisions regarding my future business activities. Three weeks discusses completely different matters in order to provide a detailed overview on the sustainable business practices of organisations. No single education system is suitable to design our knowledge and concepts of the sustainable business practices. However, this particular tutorial has transformed my concepts and I have realised the actual importance of sustainability in the business practices. The theories we have learned in this tutorial should be employed after determining the range of the regional business of an organisation. I have understood that alone the business community cannot creat e sustainability. References Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Boons, F., Montalvo, C., Quist, J., Wagner, M. (2013). Sustainable innovation, business models and economic performance: an overview.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, 1-8. Osborne, S. P., Radnor, Z., Vidal, I., Kinder, T. (2014). A sustainable business model for public service organizations?.Public Management Review,16(2), 165-172. Schoenherr, T. (2012). The role of environmental management in sustainable business development: a multi-country investigation.International Journal of Production Economics,140(1), 116-128. Telstra.com.au. (2016). Retrieved 5 December 2016, from https://www.telstra.com.au Vom Brocke, J., Seidel, S., Recker, J. (Eds.). (2012).Green business process management: towards the sustainable enterprise. Springer Science Business Media. Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-61593665842530684732020-03-26T02:33:00.001-07:002020-03-26T02:33:03.010-07:00Women in the Workforce Women studies were established to enlighten women about various issues that affect women due to the nature of their gender which is perceived to be weak. These studies were found necessary because some women were not aware of their rights and thus they were subjected to humiliation by the society hence they were denied equal opportunities with their male counterparts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women in the Workforce specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are organizations that assign duties to women and then under pay them while men are paid wages which are much higher for the same job. Women should use all means to ensure that they earn the same salaries with their team mates and thus they should check whether the difference is due to their gender. When women notice that they are being underpaid because of their gender they should arrange for an appointment with their employer so as to give the employer a room to explain his or her reasons. There are some administrators who think women are not as productive like men because they were born to take care of their children. Employers should give women equal opportunities just like men because they deserve them as long as they posses the relevant qualifications. Organizations should not undermine the abilities of women in achieving organizational goals because productivity in any organization does not depend on oneââ¬â¢s gender but on the abilities and willingness to achieve desirable results. When women feel that their employer does not recognize their efforts they should consider boycotting their duties for some time to make employers realize their contributions. With this knowledge, it is important to include women in management positions and also buy their ideas in decision making process because they are also intelligent just like men. The major difference between women and men when performing duties is only that men are more masc uline than women and hence women can tire easily when doing manual jobs. The training offered at military training institutions has proved this perception to be wrong because while the recruits are being trained, they are given the same tasks and thus there is no separate training for each gender. The current shift from factory jobs to white collar jobs has seen many women join the workforce than ever before because a few decades ago, women were hindered from working since they were expected to take care of their children.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Vietnam war provided an opportunity for women in America to exercise their abilities but its certain that the then situation influenced employers to consider them because there were no men to work in their factories. All of them had been recruited into the army and were it not for the resulting scarcity of laborers, women wou ld have remained house wives. Since then women have realized that taking care of their children is impossible without a job. Thus, so many of them are pursuing higher education even when they are married with kids and their efforts have already started to bear fruits because more women are being accorded leadership duties both in governments and in organizations. In fact activists have been successful in their struggle for equality because most governments in developed and developing countries are reserving a considerable number of positions for women. In African countries, the society did not see the importance of educating the girl child because they viewed it as wastage of money. This is because as soon as she grew up she would be married off and would benefit the other family where she will get married. There are so many organizations that have been established to fight for the rights of women both at work places and homes. Gone are the days when women used to be beaten ruthless ly by their women because men thought by paying dowry they had been granted full ownership of the woman. Education has played a major role in enlightening women about their rights and most of them have realized they donââ¬â¢t need men anymore because they can meet their needs by themselves. This success that has been achieved by women is owed to their ambition and perseverance and men too should have the same ambitions. If you want to prove this statement to be right just visit any college during evening hours and you will notice the majority of students in those institutions are married women who come for evening classes after work because they want to advance their careers further. Some of these ladies are juniors at their workplaces but they are eager to climb the corporate ladder. Most men rarely advance their skills when they land their first jobs. Women have shifted their focus from marriage to their independence and thatââ¬â¢s why so many are getting married at a later stage and some donââ¬â¢t get married but they donââ¬â¢t consider marriage to be that important because they want to have a say in their lives and thus they are taking high flying jobs such as chief executives and engineers among many others, which were previously taken by men. Men should therefore not look down upon women because time has proved women are also skilled just like men. This essay on Women in the Workforce was written and submitted by user Martha Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-67323519885799921662020-03-06T15:58:00.001-08:002020-03-06T15:58:02.359-08:00Earl Warren, Chief Justice of the Supreme CourtEarl Warren, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Earl Warren was born on March 19, 1891, in Los Angeles, California to immigrant parents who moved the family to Bakersfield, California in 1894 where Warren would grow up. à Warrenââ¬â¢s father worked in the railroad industry, and Warren would spend his summer working in railroading. à Warren attended the University of California, Berkeley (Cal) for his undergraduate degree, a B.A. in political science in 1912, and his J.D. in 1914 from the Berkeley School of Law. In 1914, Warren was admitted to the California bar. He took his first legal job working for Associated Oil Company in San Francisco, where he stayed for one year before moving to the Oakland firm of Robinson Robinson. He remained there until August 1917 when he enlisted in the United States Army to serve in World War I. Life After World War I First Lieutenant Warren was discharged from the Army in 1918, and he was hired as a Judicial Committee Clerk for the 1919 Session of the California State Assembly where he stayed until 1920. à From 1920 to 1925, Warren was Oaklandââ¬â¢s Deputy City Attorney and in 1925, he was appointed as Alameda Countyââ¬â¢s District Attorney. During his years as a prosecutor, Warrenââ¬â¢s ideology concerning the criminal justice system and law enforcement techniques began taking shape. à Warren was re-elected to three four-year terms as Alamedaââ¬â¢s D.A., having made a name for himself as a hard-nosed prosecutor who fought public corruption at all levels. Attorney General of California In 1938, Warren was elected to Californiaââ¬â¢s Attorney General, and he assumed that office in January 1939. à On December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. Attorney General Warren, believing that civil defense was a main function of his office, became the leading proponent of moving Japanese away from the California coast. This resulted in more than 120,000 Japanese being placed in internment camps without any due process rights or charges or any kind officially brought against them. à In 1942, Warren called the Japanese presence in California ââ¬Å"the Achilles heel of the entire civilian defense effort.â⬠à After serving one term, Warren was then elected as Californiaââ¬â¢s 30th Governor taking office in January 1943. à While at Cal, Warren became friends with Robert Gordon Sproul, who would remain close friends throughout his life. à In 1948, Sproul nominated Governor Warren for Vice President at the Republican National Convention to be Thomas E. Deweyââ¬â¢s running mate. à Harry S. Truman won the Presidential election. à Warren would remain as Governor until October 5, 1953 when President Dwight David Eisenhower appointed him to be the 14th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Career as Supreme Court Chief Justice While Warren did not have any judicial experience, his years of actively practicing law and political accomplishments placed him in a unique position on the Court and also made him an efficient and influential leader. à Warren was also adept at forming majorities that supported his views on major Court opinions. The Warren Court rendered a number of major decisions. These included:à Brown v. Board of Education, which declared segregation policies in public schools unconstitutional,Loving v. Virginia, which declared anti-miscegenation laws (laws that enforced and/or criminalized racial segregation in marriage and intimate relationships) unconstitutional,Griswold v. Connecticut, which stated that the Constitution contains a general right to privacy,Abington School District v. Schempp, which prohibited mandatory Bible readings in schools,and Engel v. Vitale, which prohibited official prayer in schools. Also, Warren used his experiences and ideological beliefs from his days as District Attorney to change the landscape in the arena. These cases included:à Brady v. Maryland, which requires the government to provide exculpatory evidence to a defendant,Miranda v. Arizona, which requires that a defendant being questioned by law enforcement must be informed about his rights,Gideon v. Wainwright, which requires that legal counsel be provided to indigent defendants during Court proceedings,Escobedo v. Illinois, which requires that legal counsel be provided to indigent defendants during interrogation by law enforcement,Katz v. United States, which extended Fourth Amendment protection to all areas where a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy,Terry v. Ohio, which allows law enforcement officer to stop and frisk a person if the police officer has a reasonable suspicion that the person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime and has a reasonable belief that the person may be armed and presently dangerous.à In addition to the number of major decisions that the Court released while he was Chief Justice, President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed him to lead what became known as ââ¬Å"The Warren Commissionâ⬠which investigated and compiled a report about the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. In 1968, Warren tendered his resignation from the Court to President Eisenhower when it became apparent that Richard Milhous Nixon would become the next President. à Warren and Nixon had a mutually strong dislike for each other stemming from events that occurred at the 1952 Republican National Convention. à Eisenhower attempted to name his replacement but was unable to have the Senate confirm the nomination. à Warren ended up retiring in 1969 while Nixon was President and passed away in Washington, D.C., on July 9, 1974. Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-83240763629951327522020-02-19T07:24:00.001-08:002020-02-19T07:24:04.062-08:00Project Level 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 wordsProject Level 4 - Essay Example The academy needed an injection of cash to help refresh the campus and offer another two main courses. Information Technology and Nursing were decided to be the most in demand courses in the area and specifically I.T. so with the help of a local venture capitalist, who lives in the area, have decided to build three new state of the art buildings, one at each site, each with 10 classrooms with new computers and network. The expectation is to design the infrastructure of each site so that it is secure, reliable and inter operates with all of the other sites where necessary. There are 1200 students expected on the I.T course broken up into 30 classes of 20 over two (a morning and an afternoon) sessions each day. As well as a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) option for people who are unable to attend college. East Anglian Academy has approached me as a consultant to design and implement a computerised system that will enable students and teachers to access resources both locally and re motely from anywhere with an Internet connection. Other staff there includes a Human Resources department, Accounts, and Security. The budget set aside for the project is ?2 million but with some movement if necessary. Initial time plan and estimated project costs February 1st initial proposal planning February 8th initial proposal planning February 15th initial proposal planning February 22nd initial proposal planning February 29th complete proposed project March 7th research March 14th research March 21st research March 28th research April 4th research April 11th research April 18th analysis and design April 25th analysis and design May 2nd analysis and design May 9th analysis and design May 16th interim submission May 23rd costing May 30th costing June 6th costing June 13th complete project report and present to class The estimated initial project costs are as follows Computer Costs: ?390000 Server Costs: ?49000 Routers Costs: ?8000 Switches Costs ?60000 Cabling Costs ?25000 Labo ur Costs ?100000 Total Project Cost: ?632000 Allocated Budget: ?2000000 Justifications Security ââ¬âseparation from the students, teachers and office staff data, so each person can only gain access to what they are authorised to. Shared resources ââ¬â all sites will be able to access resources across all three sites if authorised Offload the time and labour intensive tasks, like backups, to third party companies Reduce costs ââ¬â all of the systems implemented will be on an IP network and can leverage its functionality by putting the latest technology on it for things like telephones, video cameras, door entry system, building controls like heating and lighting, and also allow for the management of it all from any locally connected administrator computer Have fixed IT budget moving forwards Functionality The new system for Anglian Academy will do the following Link all sites as one network Centralise all management to the HQ campus but allow micro managing at the branch campuses where necessary for local issues Gigabit local area network speed Wireless connectivity throughout the campuses Move all HR data to the HQ campus Link all security cameras to the HQ campus Make available online course material for students (VLE) Give redundancy at each campus in the event of Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-76798227503777377442020-02-04T06:02:00.001-08:002020-02-04T06:02:03.442-08:00Corporate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsCorporate finance - Essay Example As per Grossman and Hart, takeover and mergers can create synergies or savings to the companies involved. For instance, in 2006, Arcelor of Luxemburg was taken over Mittal Steel of Netherland thereby making Arcelor Mittal, the worldââ¬â¢s largest steel company. Some of the compelling reasons for takeover or merger is to expand the market due to the threat from competitors or to penetrate into new markets, to achieve cost synergies like eliminating duplicate functions, to attain higher productivity and to attain increased efficiency from acquired assets or to attain increased revenues and to achieve a higher return on investments for shareholders. Revenue synergy can result in access to the new distribution system, attaining extensions of brand and opening up new geographic markets. A takeover or merger strategy should be employed only when the acquiring company is able to enhance its networth through the positive employment of assets of the acquired company. It was established by previous empirical studies that above-average return is earned by the shareholders of acquired companies whereas the share prices of acquiring company is likely to fall immediately after the acquisition or merger. For instance, when Myogen, a pharmaceutical company is taken over by another pharmaceutical giant Gilead Sciences, there was a decline of 10 percent in Gileadââ¬â¢s stock whereas there was about 50 percent appreciation in Myogenââ¬â¢s stock. (Hoskisson 2008, p. 244). In the majority of the cases, mergers and takeovers had negative results like cost overruns, desertion of key employees, and even may leave black holes in the restructured balance sheet. (Greenblat 2011). Theory Though the merger and the takeover are often employed synonymously, there exists a variance in their economic impact between a takeover and a merger. In takeover, the acquiring company is trying to acquire control over the targeted company by acquiring more than 50% of its shares. In contrast, in merger, as per Hampton (1989), there is a merger of two companies to form a new company. Takeover or merger theories can be explained as below: Agency Theory This theory states that when the share price of a company is low, and then it forces the managers to initiate action either to enhance the share price in the market by performing well or to be taken over by a leader in the industry (DePamphills 2010, p. 41). Efficiency Theory It is divided into two ââ¬â differential efficient theory which tries to improve the efficiency of a company in the same industry by a dominant company and inefficient theory. As per Copeland and Weston (1988), differential efficiency theory offers an academic base for horizontal takeovers whereas inefficiency theory offers insight on conglomerate takeovers (Lee &Lee 2006, p. 543). Market Power Hypothesis This theory explains that companies combine together to enhance their monopoly authority to quote the prices of the product which is not sustainable at a cutthroat competitive market. However, there is very little empirical support is available for this hypothesis (DePamphills 2010, p. 12). Free Cash Flow Hypothesis It is identical to that of agency theory and as per Jensen (1986), if the cash flow is in excess of that need to finance all takeovers or mergers which have net present values if discounted with the specific cost of capital (Lee &Lee 2006, p Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-72039248944131709612020-01-27T02:26:00.001-08:002020-01-27T02:26:05.756-08:00Newspaper Coverage Of Celebrity Crimes Media EssayNewspaper Coverage Of Celebrity Crimes Media Essay Media has a significant influence on people and so do the celebrities. These effects can be both positive and negative. The kind of coverage of celebrities and celebrity crimes by newspapers and magazines can influence the opinion of the public on the celebrity criminals. This kind of influence can be greatly attributed to the process by which the news about celebrity criminals is evaluated and presented for the readers to analyse. This paper is going to look at the effects of the print-media coverage of celebrity criminals which could be biased or unbiased and its influence on the public accordingly, thus questioning media credibility. Introduction My interest in traditional form of media i.e., the newspapers has always been deeper than the other forms of media. Also, I believe that news in the newspapers is better evaluated and helps to form a strong opinion about issues and events that occur globally. This interest in understanding the impact of newspapers on public opinion developed even further when I read about coverage of celebrity crimes. The manner in which news is presented in the newspapers whether it is about national or international celebrity crimes is something that caught my interest. In addition to this, my interaction with people of different ages and status regarding celebrity criminals considerably inspired me to choose this topic for my research. Prosperity of both science and culture has made people familiar with supply of information in abundance. Modern media, such as the internet, mobile phones, television and the traditional media such as newspapers and magazines make news and variety of information easily accessible to us. However, the most common form of news is that about the celebrities and public figures. It has become very evident in the recent times that media pays too much attention to the personal lives of the celebrities (popular figures). Addition to this, the important factor is that most of the reports on lives of famous people are always focused on brilliant achievements, lavish lifestyles and exaggerated enjoyments which overstate the attractive part and understate the painstaking part. Therefore, the masses especially young people are often biased and tend to perceive celebrities as their idols. They happen to adore their idols with such passion and zeal that the amount of negative news and information about celebrities can even change their perception towards life. The extent and quality of celebrity news in the media appears especially inordinate today, multiplying and intensifying at such a rate that legitimate news has fallen in precedence (Brown, 31). Whether it likes it or not, the public knows more about Britney Spears and how many pills she swallowed than about many political issues (Wright, 1). It is a known fact that in India we treat celebrities no less than god. And the Indian media being very well aware of this fact ensures that celebs and celebrity crimes get a lot of coverage so as to garner attention of the masses. In this process of covering celebrity related news, media tends to sensationalize the stories, often focusing on irrelevant details about celebrities instead of the main crime that has taken place. This research informs about the news coverage of celebrity crimes, the faith of public on media (print media) and the manner in which the presentation of such news coverage influences their opinion. In this vein, analyzing the content presented by newspapers, as well as celebrity-news magazines, offered the clearest method by which to examine how news on celebrity crimes is covered and publicized. Researching articles on the major, relevant topics of media ethics, the role of celebrity news in Indian society and credibility of media was instrumental in gaining a better understanding of the subject matter. More emphasis was placed on researching relevant topics, as it is difficult if not impossible to determine the exact effects of media coverage of celebrity criminals through a study or direct observation. One can constantly see and read about celebrity crimes, however the influence of such news on public opinion is what really matters. Through analysing media coverage of celebrity criminals, especially the print media with the help of severalà examplesà of celebrity crimes will enhance the objective of this research paper. The purpose of thisà research proposalà is to s ee if media coverage of celebrity-crimes is biased and how this changes peoples opinion and perception on celebrities, thus questioning medias credibility. Articles and news reports covered by various newspapers (both English and regional), on the crimes committed by celebrities like Sanjay Dutt, Salman Khan, Shiney Ahuja, Saif Ali khan and many more were looked upon in this research paper. Also a survey was conducted to understand the effects of newspaper coverage of celebrity crimes and how it influences opinions of the public. The survey acts as a supplement to the newspaper articles that were analyzed to gain a better understanding of the objective of this research paper. The literature review provides Literature Review To understand the influence on the people of the portrayal of celebrity-criminals by media, it is important to understand the terms celebrity, crime, media bias and public opinion. These terms may not be connected with each other directly; however the understanding of these together would contribute in assessing the study of this paper. Celebrity The word celebrity is derived from the word celebrate, in that a person is supposedly famous because the community celebrates him or her (Rockwell, 20). The term celebrity indicates someone whose fame rests overwhelmingly on what happens outside the sphere of their work and who is famous for having lifestyle. The celebrity is thus constructed through gossip, press and television reports, magazine articles and public relations (Redmond Holmes, 99). Public Opinion Commonly the concept of public opinion is taken literally to mean the opinion of the public. While this is not incorrect, it constitutes a rather naÃÆ'à ¯ve understanding of the concept. A more sophisticated conception must acknowledge the element of publicity in public opinion: public opinion as distinguished from private opinion. Indeed public opinion is a shared aggregate phenomenon. It is a collective social entity, and publicity is necessary for its formation. It is the knowledge of the very existence of others who share values, beliefs and concerns that forges a host of discrete opinions into a viable social entity (Shamir, 1). Based on these factors there have been researches that explain how biased media-coverage plays a crucial role in forming biased public-opinion. Media has a fixed agenda of providing certain news in a certain manner so that it is perceived in the manner that print media wants it to be perceived as by the people. Through their day-by-day selection and display of the news, editors and news directors focus our attention and influence our perceptions of what are the most important issues of the day. This ability to influence the salience of topics on the public agenda has come to be called the agenda setting role of the news media (McCombs, 1). This theory of agenda setting is applied by the media and describes a very powerful influence of media its ability to tell people what issues are important. It explains the correlation between media and people the rate at which media covers a story and the extent that people think this story is important. Studies into the agenda-setting function of the press confirm that media have a great deal of influence upon political decision making and that they are especially influential in telling the general population what to think about (Kuypers, 5).à The media tends to be biased whenever it provides flawed or irrelevant facts to support a certain viewpoint. It is also biased when it frames certain issues in a particular manner. Such framing is done so that the issue is perceived in a particular way. According to many scholars our perception of a certain issue is more or less dependent on the way the issue is framed (Kuypers, 7). There are millions of events that occur globally in todays world. And to examine these events and report about them there are thousands of people around the world who are employed by media organizations. The media decides and tells us which issues are important and which ones or not. We have never physically witnessed the war situations of Afghanistan, Iraq or even Kashmir. Despite this we have the pictures of these events in our heads. The media reports inform about the latest events and issues that are taking place in the world and are inaccessible to us. Thus, most of our perceptions about the world are based on the second-hand reality created by the media organizations. There is no guarantee that this reality is an accurate picture of the world (Saqib Riaz, 1). This explains how gate-keeping is done by the media, wherein it chooses the newsworthiness of certain news and evaluates it based on a variety of reasons and preferences. The aspects of a certain event that are covered in the news and the kind of importance that is given to these aspects leads to significant differences in peoples perception of that event. The portrayal of news stories results in the peoples understanding of the journalists consideration of important issues and who the most prominent public figures of the day are. Thus from the details of the coverage of news stories and their evaluation by the media helps the public form their perception of these news stories and the public figures (McCombs, 7-8). Thus from the above literature it is evident that public opinion is formed on the basis of the kind of information that media prioritizes and later provides to the public. The media does set the agenda of what is discussed around the world on a daily basis. It chooses stories that are reviewed by the public regularly. Not many people seem to be aware that the stories they read are picked by the media organizations before getting printed. The impact of someone selecting the news stories for the masses to read can be positive as well as negative. Therefore, even when crimes committed by celebrities are covered by the media, it tries to change peoples opinion depending upon a positive or a negative coverage of that particular news. Media can manipulate news using a variety of strategies that can alter peoples perception. It can navigate their audience through what it feels is potent and viable concerning topics specifically related to celebrity crimes. The aspects that contribute in the assessment of opinions of the public are the audiences of the media, their lifestyle, interests and their level of sophistication. Nevertheless, there are many other dependent variables that create a different representation of truth. And through this, media has the power to influence peoples point of view. 2.1 Media and Celebrities Usually news about celebrities is considered to be soft news (entertainment) unless a crime has been committed by a celebrity. Media today places a lot of importance to celebrity news. Reports of soft news outweigh the amount of hard news that gets reported in todays mass media including the traditional media i.e., the newspapers and magazines. According to Bennett (2007), some of factors affecting the increase of soft news include the economics of the news business, journalists dependence on sources who control information, routine news-gathering practices, professional norms and a need to fill the news hole that has been created by 24/7 news coverage. Celebrity focused, soft news tends to be quick and easy to report about. Additionally, such stories have proven to be popular among audiences and are easy to dramatize. Celebrity stories may also serve the uses and gratifications of many audience members. Bennett (2007) suggests that in addition to learning, many viewers use news to satisfy their needs for curiosity and surveillance, entertainment and escape, and social and psychological adjustment. With the advent of the Web and the Internet, increasing numbers of citizens turn to alternative information channels that deliver politically packaged information in a format better integrated with personal interests and various citizen-action options (Bennett, 2007). This statement is valid not only for politics but all kinds of news information. There are websites, magazines, newspapers, television stations, etc. to suit every different need and people have the choice to visit only the ones that interest them. Therefore, the shift seen in news coverage from informative to entertaining cannot be blamed solely on the media. Celebrities become products and are endowed with expertise outside of their celebrated areas (West Orman, 2003: 118). The celebrity culture today expects that stars be spokespersons for all kinds of issues, as well as bear the responsibility for issues that are problematic. This power is not derived from within these stars, but rather from the audiences interest in them. Celebrities are expected by many to be shining examples of model citizens, yet their good deeds like activism are overlooked in favour of scandalous, dramatic, negative reports about them (Amanda Jones, 2009: 8). This sheds light on how media portrays celebrities. There are times when media will provide sensationalized news about celebrities to garner attention and increase readership. Journalist Caspar Llewellyn-Smith makes this point when he states that the guiding principle of celebrity gossip magazines is to show famous figures off-guard, unkempt, unready and unsanitized (Llewellyn-Smith, 2002: 120, cited in Holmes, 2005: 23) (Holmes Redmond, 2006: 184). According to McCrackens findings, the mass media are, in effect, making a concerted effort to provide unflattering coverage of celebrity personalities. It is these kinds of news stories that are increasingly present in our every day mass media outlets. Such stories provide the drama and sensationalism that media consumers are looking for (2009: 311). The above literature explains that media often portrays the celebrities negatively by presenting sensational news about them. The news coverage on celebrities and celebrity crimes done by the media is negative often to create drama and stir the publics interest. 2.2 Media Coverage of Celebrity Crimes The role of the press is to educate and create awareness amongst the masses, however in the recent times it seems to have switched this role with that of entertainment. Instead of focusing on the details of the crimes committed by the celebrities, media tends to divert the attention to the celebrities lives and sensationalizes the news about them. In covering the most titillating or personal aspects of a story, present-day coverage often trivializes more important structural and procedural issues. During the 2005 Michael Jackson molestation trial, the Los Angeles Times, which ran approximately 317 stories on the case, printed only two pieces focusing on the crucial new California statute that allowed prosecutor Tom Sneddon to introduce evidence of past allegations against Jackson. Much of the Times coverage offered almost daily trial updates, which consisted primarily of subjective descriptions of the personal behavior and appearance of the various witnesses and courtroom actors in t he case (Fox et al., 2007: 6). Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-38156980716685753672020-01-18T22:48:00.001-08:002020-01-18T22:48:05.636-08:00Mt. St. HelensHelene eruption affected Washington State's Economy On Sunday, May 18, 1980, at 8:AMA, Mat. SST. Helene erupted. Most people don't realize how the eruption affected our economy. It affected Washington's forestry / forest production, trade, transportation, topography, fisheries, and wildlife. Our Economy lost millions of dollars. Let's see how it affected our economy. First, let's start with forestry/forest production. This affected companies which had been logging. The companies had to cut back on logging while the blasted timber was being harvested.Although the lack of umber caused fluctuations In the market prices for logs, such variation were outweighed in large measures by the downward pressure on market prices generated by the depressed level of the economy. Also, the presence of the ash on the ground and on the logs presented serious problems in harvesting of the logs, and their processing into products. The ash, being gritty in nature, caused extensive wear on chain saws, chip per knives, and other cutting equipment, thus raising costs of logging and of manufacturing. Also, Washington being one of the three Pacific Northwest states plays a role in trade.Washington particularly is important for products like wheat, flour, lumber, and wood products. The main loss was the ash damage to crops like fruit trees, wheat, and barley. The trade for lumber and wood products also decreased from the loss of trees. Trade was also affected from transportation. Without transportation they couldn't send the exports. Transportation was damaged by ash fall, mudslides, floods, and the blast. As a result that damaged 63 miles of roads, about 25 bridges, and blocked the Columbia River. The highest of all the bridges in the National Forest Service Land damaged was a gig steel- girder.Also, nine bridges by the Tuttle River. The combination of damage to roads and bridges was about $1 12 million dollars, A result of Mat. SST. Helene blow was mudslides In the Tuttle and Cowlick Riv er. When the cowl flooded water lost speed as they mixed with the Tidal Columbia; they could no longer carry nearly as much sediment. Consequently, somewhere between 40 million and 60 million cubic yards of volcanic material entered the Columbia River. The Columbia River was blocked no longer than a week. Traffic resumed 5 days after the eruption. TheColumbia River ports were capable of normal operation no longer than a month after the eruption. The damage of the Columbia River created a loss of about 4 percent of all cargo that would have been otherwise passed through the ports in 1980. The Columbia River repairs were $44 million dollars but it was of relatively short duration. The landscape (or topography) of the area around Mat. SST. Helene was greatly affected by the eruption. The blast blew approximately 1. 5 cubic kilometers off the top of the were a major product of the eruption. Most of the north and south forks of the Tuttle River were destroyed.Many other rivers around the mountain, like the Green River and the Cowlick River, had increased silt and sediment deposited, and thus their capacity for water flow and navigation reduced. The second the blast played with the river system, it was serious. The immediate danger was flooding. The communities around the Cowlick and Tuttle River were threatened by the mudflows. Erosion was another danger. In the blast area the devastation was almost complete. The grounds were stripped of vegetation and the natural barriers to erosion were destroyed. Immediately after the blast there was evidence of erosion on the hillsides.As the lilies eroded, it increased the amount of soil and rock. As time went by, the soil and rock then entered into the rivers. The damaging effect of Mat. SST. Helene eruption to fisheries was substantial. It resulted primarily from mudflows and floods. The eruption adversely affected the entire Mat. SST. Helene drainage system. All of the fish in the Tuttle and in the Cowlick Rivers were kille d by the eruption. Salmon was the main fish impacted. The majority of them were the young salmon (about 400,000) that were on their way downstream at the time of the eruption. The fisheries estimated a loss of about 12 million Juvenile almond.The salmon losses included all the salmon from all the affected rivers at that time. The dredging of the ship channels in the Columbia and Cowlick Rivers was also believed to have killed many fish. Normally there was no dredging at that time because of the fish migration, but large scale dredging was carried out during the eruption. Fish in the Columbia River were affected by temperatures caused by the eruption. All hatcheries in the region had their costs increased as a result of the necessity of cleaning up the ash that had entered their systems. There was also a cost associated with moving fish from one location to another.The blast destroyed about 154 miles of trout streams and 26 lakes. The total cost of damage for fisheries was about $22 million dollars. Finally, not only did fish die but so did other wildlife. It was estimated by the Washington State Game Department that 1 ,551 ,OHO animals (not including the fish) died because of the eruption. Among the casualties there were about 5,250 elk, 6,000 deer, 200 bears, 100 mountain goats, and 15 cougars. The blast destroyed 195 square miles of habitat. Wildlife in ash-covered areas suffered some chronic health damage room the ash fall, but didn't become a widespread problem.Respiratory damage to grazing animals was a major concern, but it usually develops only after years of exposure to airborne dust, so it didn't seem likely. The ash did not appear to be harmful when ingested by grazing animals, but it could injure fish. The ash was extremely sharp and could severely lacerate gills, causing injury or death. The grand total for everything was about 1,213 million dollars. Washington's Economy was definitely affected by Mat. SST. Helene eruption. I hope this information helps you understand how the eruption affected our economy. Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-90850218806017585492020-01-10T19:12:00.001-08:002020-01-10T19:12:05.402-08:00Electronic Waste Popularly Known As E Waste Environmental Sciences EssayElectronic waste, popularly known as e-waste can be defined as electronic equipment or merchandises linking with power stopper or batteries which have become disused due to advancement in engineering, alterations in manner, manner and position. ââ¬Å" E-waste is a popular, informal name for electronic merchandises approaching the terminal of their utile life â⬠( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . This includes cast-off computing machines, telecastings, VCRs, stereos, duplicators, facsimile machines, electric lamps, cell phones, audio equipment and batteries. Electrical and electronic waste ( e-waste ) is one of the most rising issues that has caught the attending of assorted parties including policy shapers, non-governmental organisation ( NGO ) and the general public globally. This turning concern is due to the of all time increasing volume of e-waste being generated ensuing in activities such as collection, leveling and disposal of e-waste that has caused environmental pollutions and inauspicious impact on public wellness ( Rosnani, 2010 ) . ââ¬Å" E-waste in Malaysia is being regulated under the Environmental Quality Act ( Scheduled Wastes ) Regulations 2005 that came into consequence on 15 August 2005 â⬠( Rosnani, 2010 ) . The inclusion of e-waste the 2005 ordinance is to adequately command the direction of these wastes generated in the state every bit good as to enable Malaysia to forbid importing of used electrical and electronic equipment either for renovation or recovery merely for short term use, following which equipment is disposed off. Today, it is often cheaper and more convenient to purchase new machine to suit the newer coevalss of engineering than it is to upgrade the old. Expanding e-waste particularly nomadic phone and computing machine in all sort of sectors doing the increasing of the measure of e-waste. E-waste contains important measures of toxic waste. ââ¬Å" Each computing machine or telecasting show proctor contains an norm of 4-8 lbs of lead. Monitor glass contain about 20 % lead by weight. About 70 % of heavy stuffs like quicksilver and Cd found in landfill come from electronic equipment discard â⬠( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . These heavy metals and other risky substances found in electronic can pollute groundwater and present other environmental and public wellness. Furthermore, ââ¬Å" the wellness impacts of the mixtures and material combination in the merchandises frequently are non known â⬠( Noraida, 2010 ) . The production of semiconducting materials printed circuit board, disc thrusts and proctors used peculiarly risky chemical. Therefore, one of the aim of this survey is to happen out the applicable direction of e-waste around the universe and their effects to human wellness. There are assorted issues of concerns with respect to e-waste disposal and recycling. This research proposal overview the issues specifically related to the export for recycling. Particularly, it discusses documented effects on human wellness and the environment that have been tied to insecure recycling patterns in developing states. It besides provides an overview of assorted factors necessary to be understand why e-waste disposal has become a concern on each states. Therefore, it is of import to hold a good e-waste direction in order to guarantee that it will non harm to human and environment. If we non make the recycling, these e-waste will be disposed off. There are several methods to dispose e-waste either landfill or incinerator or unfastened combustion. However, if we look at to it closely, all this method will give negative impacts to human and environment. Other than that, job related to installations and location of e-waste disposal is happening. ââ¬Å" When we landfill the e-waste, it will pollute groundwater. If we incinerate e-waste, it will bring forth risky smelt and left risky residue. If we recycle the e-waste, it will harm the recycle squad. Last, we export the e-waste to other state â⬠( Noraida, 2010 ) . Now, we have no pick and scientist today should make more research on these job. E-waste direction demand to carry through different aims which go beyond pure proficient execution. Particularly in developing states and states in passage, which a lacking legal and institutional model, every bit good as losing substructure, e-waste direction demands for a comprehensive and structural attack. This has been echoed by assorted international organisations and enterprises, including the United Nation Developing Organization ( UNIDO ) , the United Nation Environment Programmed ( UNEP ) , the Basel convention, the Solving the e-Waste Problem ( StEP ) . Several development cooperation undertaking adopted a three measure attack.[ 1 ] Understand the current model status Developing a structured scheme in a multi-stakeholder attack Implementing the scheme through a roadmap with assigned duties and a timeframe The research will give good to all community. Government can either seek to avoid all the methods that can give negative impacts or if non, merely expression for the better direction we have around the universe that besides included in this proposal. It besides can give public consciousness for those concerns. . It is hoped that these research proposal will help in the better apprehension and direction of e-waste and a prompt action can be taken by the authorities to better what we have now before it is excessively late.Aimto happen out the issues and challenges on developing and implementing e-waste direction To happen out the applicable direction of e-waste around the universe and their effects to human wellness. To analyze the recommended actions that can be taken to undertake the e-waste issuesLiterature reappraisalAnalyzing E-waste Related Legislations and RegulationsIn its list of recommendations to battle illegal dumping of E-waste, the Basel Action Network ( BAN ) ââ¬Å" urges authoritiess to coerce makers to take toxic chemicals from merchandises every bit shortly as possible. BAN besides calls on rigorous enforcement of the Basel Convention[ 2 ]and extol Australia for its attempts in that respect â⬠( Michael, 2012 ) . Sing issues in Australia, it requires full testing of electronic waste to attest that it complies with the Basel Convention before it is exported. The BAN study on dumping in Lagos calls the U.S. ââ¬Å" the worst histrion â⬠among developed states that perpetuate dumping of risky waste in developing states. Other topographic point, ââ¬Å" Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection province that cathode beam tubing no longer be accepted at transportation Stationss, landfills or landfill operators or a punishment of USD 25000 for each discourtesy â⬠( Iswalah, 2008 ) . Transboundary motion of risky waste is con-trolled by the Basel Convention, which entered into forcein 1992.[ 3 ] In Malaysia, authorities statute laws have been introduce to command this state of affairs. First under Environment Quality Act! 974 Sect. 18 ( 1 ) . There are ; E-Waste classified as Scheduled Waste and given the codification of SW 110 E-Waste can merely be handled by accredited contractors. Act enforced by Department of Environment. Enforcement-oriented instead than Facilitation-oriented. ( PEWOG, 2009 )[ 4 ] Second is under ââ¬ËPublic Cleansing and Solid Waste Management Act ( 2007 ) , it province that all waste belongs to the authorities or its contractor ââ¬Ë ( PEWOG, 2009 ) . The inquiry is the present of aggregation and processing activities illegal because all waste belongs to the authorities or its contractors. Then, confusion and uncertainness Begin to drift. Besides utilizing the Environmental Quality Act ( 1974 ) to pull off these wastes, the DOE is besides utilizing the ââ¬Å" Custom Order ( Prohibiton of Import/Export ) Order 2008 to command the importing and export of e waste â⬠( Ong, 2009 ) .2. Issues And Challenges On Developing And Implementing3R ( Reduce, Reuse and Recycle )There are several methods to pull off all these e-waste stuffs. ââ¬Å" The most safe, promote and cheapest is by 3R that are cut down, reuse and recycling â⬠. it can be summarized as follows ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) : aÃâ ? Reduce: effort to cut down the sum of waste generated reduce/eliminate usage of toxic substances like lead and quicksilver. aÃâ ? Reuse: repeated usage of points or parts of points which are still useable aÃâ ? Recycle: usage of waste itself as resource Since e-waste recycling is mostly unregulated, accurate informations sing the terminal markets, both domestic and abroad, are non publically available. Therefore, it is hard to cognize how much e-waste that is collected for recycling is really exported for processing ( Linda, 2010 ) . In the waste direction hierarchy, 3R is high on the precedence list and state analysis paper by Malaysia in one of its forum[ 5 ]province that Malaysia is capitalising on engineerings which are environmentally friendly, proven and be effectual to heighten its 3R coders and activities in the state. The analysis paper besides province that the building, operation and care of workss utilizing such engineerings involves high capital and cost. The banking sector is rather loath to supply the fiscal support particularly when new engineerings are involved. We still have failing in recycling system around the universe. The substructure like web of waste aggregation, transit, and screening activities is still being developed. Then continue to the existent processing on the e-waste, if compared to recycling of paper, glass, and plastic, the procedure is more dearly-won and expensive. Most local governments in Malaysia did non hold a sound fiscal resources to pay for all the new engineerings carried out to handle and dispose the waste. Without the federal authorities intercession or committedness to supply the bridging finance, the debut of environmentally friendly and modern engineering will confront an acclivitous undertaking.[ 6 ] Then other job on the state of affairs when e-waste may be processed domestically after aggregation is besides limited. ââ¬Å" A company that operates as a ââ¬Å" recycler â⬠may really be a waste consolidator that sends the waste to another seller. â⬠Those downstream sellers may divide the units for reuse, ship whole units abroad for processing, or procedure it domestically to some other utilizations ( Linda, 2010 ) . Good intelligence is the electronics makers are presently driven by assorted forces to do their merchandises more easy reclaimable and with fewer risky components.[ 7 ]ââ¬Å" Any future alterations to electronic devices have no impact, nevertheless, on the 100s of 1000000s of devices presently in usage or disused devices presently in storage â⬠( Linda, 2010 ) . Finally those devices will do their manner to the disposal or recycling markets.Disposal ( Incineration, Open Burning Or Landfilling )Incineration means destroy something particularly godforsaken stuff by firing. It is ââ¬Å" associated with a major hazard of bring forthing and scattering contaminations and toxic substances â⬠( Mathias, 2010 ) . The gases released during the combustion and the residue ash is frequently toxic. Municipal solid waste ( MSW ) province that incineration workss have shown that Cu, which is present in printed circuit boards and overseas telegrams, ââ¬Å" act as accelerator for dioxin f ormation when fire retardents are incinerated â⬠( Gongkia, 2000 ) . At this clip incineration of toxic e-waste is taking topographic point without much limitation around the universe, particularly in poorer states. Incineration of electronic waste should be the last resort and should be at a lower limit if non wholly banned ( April, 2010 ) . Lapp goes to open firing which releases many pollutants into environment Since unfastened fires burn at comparatively low temperatures, they release many more fume than in a controlled incineration procedure ( Hawari and Hassan, 2010 ) When we landfill the e-waste, the jobs comes by the leachate produces. It is frequently contains heavy metals and other toxic substances which can pollute land and H2O resources. Even state-of-the-art landfills which are sealed to forestall toxins from come ining the land are non wholly tight in the long-run ( Singh et al. , 2012 ) . Significant impacts from landfilling could be avoided by conditioning risky stuffs from e-waste individually and by landfilling merely those fractions for which there are ââ¬Å" no farther recycling possibilities and guarantee that they are in state-of-the-art landfills that respect environmentally sound proficient criterions â⬠( Gongkia, 2000 )Exportââ¬Å" In America, harmonizing to National Safety Council ( 1999 ) , presently the cheapest e-waste recycling option in the US is to direct e-waste overseas â⬠( McCarthy, 2002 ) . Harmonizing to the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) , up to 80 % of American recycle e-waste is exported to poorer states. ââ¬Å" However, how it is used or disposed of there is mostly unknown â⬠( McCarthy, 2002 ) . Example in Guiyu[ 8 ], China, the Personal computers and peripherals organizing mountain and overruning into streets, with its people doing a life depriving off PC portion with their bare custodies. Ministry of environment in India showed no consequences refering study of e-waste, but the ministry admits that a 100 % controls of the boundary lines is non possible. What complicate the job is that computing machine waste, which does non hold any resale or reuse value, is openly burned or disposed off in landfills. Although it is hard to cognize precisely how much e-waste collected for recycling is exported, it appears that India or developing states in Asia or Africa are most likely to have e-waste. In these country, kids and grownups are non have oning safety to level the e-waste in order to sell salvageable points. The remainder of the stuffs are burned or buried. In Ghana, China and India, many of the workers are kids, possibly well exposed to these risky stuffs ( Kevin, 2007 )[ 9 ].3. Management of E-waste in Malaysia.Malaysia has been seting a batch of attempt to eliminate this job before it gets relentless and out of control. ââ¬Å" The ââ¬ËRecycle Personal computer ââ¬Ë run, spearheaded by the Association of the Computer and Multimedia Industry of Malaysia ( PIKOM ) and waste direction company Alam Flora Sdn. Bhd[ 10 ], is picking up steam since its launch in March 2005 â⬠( Vatis, 2005 ) . This run aims to make environmental consciousness by promoting the populace and admin istrations to recycle Personal computers and the peripherals. Between the period of March 10 and April 30, 2005, Alam Flora has collected 816 computing machines and peripherals. This includes 194 computing machine proctors, 147 cardinal treating units ( CPUs ) 428 pressmans, and 47 assorted Personal computer constituents ( Karim, 2005 ) Panasonic Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. is among the first corporations to reply the call to recycle when it handed over 60 used Personal computers and laptops to Alam Flora within a hebdomad from establishing the Personal computer recycling run. The Nipponese engineering giant besides pledged to donate more Personal computers to the Recycle PC run each clip its embarks on a Personal computer upgrading exercising. Alam Flora has assigned aggregation points and recycling centres all over the state for people to drop off their old Personal computers ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . Malaysia is non a finish for others states put their e-waste. The non-systematic exportation and disposal of e-waste will give menace to our environment. Because of that, Department of Environmental is undergoing a research on ââ¬Ëtake dorsum policy ââ¬Ë specifically for promote the manufacturer companies to take back the electric and electronic that do non desire to be used any longer for being recycle or dispose in safety ways ( Douglas, 2010 ) . Scrap computer/ television/ mobile phone and other e-waste Free/ sell Scrap aggregator Middlemen/ junkshops Recycling Centres 2nd manus point Disposal installation Sell e-waste recylers Pre-treatment ( separation ) Scrap plastics/ others Natural stuffs Main board Electronic constituent Export market/ reassembling Local market Re-furnish/ recondition recycling Figure 1: Materials flows of e-waste in Malaya ( Japan International Cooperation Agency, 2005 ) Presently, ââ¬Å" there are 138 e-waste recovery installations in Malaysia. 16 out of them are the full recovery installations and the other are the partial recovery installations â⬠( Rahman, 2008 ) . The chief engineering employed to retrieve e-wastes in footings of cherished metal in Malaysia is still limited to wet chemical procedures and electrolysis.StatePartial recovery installationFull recovery installationJohor 17 3 Kedah 12 1 Melaka 12 3 Negeri Sembilan 5 1 Perak 4 0 Pulau Pinang 37 6 Sarawak 5 0 Selangor 25 2 Wilayah persekutuan 5 0 Entire 122 16 Grand sum 138 Table 1: distribution of e-waste recovery installations in Malaysia. ( Rahman, 2008 ) But some of them that do non traveling to recycle are required to be transported by accredited contractors and dispose off in the centralized scheduled waste intervention and disposal installation in Bukit Nanas, Negeri Sembilan. ( Theng, L. C. , 2008 )[ 11 ] The Bukit Nanas Waste Management Centre in Bukit Pelanduk, Negeri Sembilan, has the state ââ¬Ës sole landfill for risky waste. Here waste that has been treated, stabilized and packed in membranophones or lasting plastic bags are buried in the landfill.4. Effectss On Environment And Human HealthHarmonizing to Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) , more than 3.2 million dozenss of e-waste ended up in us landfills. European surveies estimate that the volume of e-waste is lifting by 3 % to 5 % per twelvemonth, about three times faster than municipal waste watercourse. Therefore, early action demands in order to undertake this job before it is traveling up in our state. From Basel Action Network ( BAN ) , estimate that the 500 million computing machines in the universe contain 2.87 billion kgs of plastics, 716.7 million kg of lead and 286700 kg of quicksilver. Table 2 shows some of the risky stuff that contain in the computing machine and their effects to human and the environment. Hazardous stuff Location Effectss Lead Soldering of printed circuit boards and other electronic constituent Glass panels in computing machine proctors ( cathode rays tubing ) Damage to the cardinal and peripheral nervous system, blood system and kidney in homo. effects to the hormone system negative effects on the development of the encephalon in kids have been good documented ( Howell, 2001 ) . Cadmium SMD bit resistances, infrared sensors and semiconducting materials. Possible hazard of irreversible effects on human wellness ( Howell, 2001 ) . Easily be accumulated in sums that cause symptoms of poisoning Mercury Batteries, switches/ lodging, and printed wiring board. Causes chronic harm to the encephalon. Polyvinyl Chloride ( PVC ) Cabling and computing machine lodging. Cause of dioxin[ 12 ]formation. Brominated Flame Retardant Printed circuit board act as endocrinal disrupters cause an increased hazard of malignant neoplastic disease to the digestive and lymph systems cut down degrees of the endocrine tetraiodothyronine[ 13 ]in open animate beings. Table 2: toxic chemicals contain and their effects ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . Assorted scientific observations indicate that polybrominated diphenylethers ( PBDE ) might move as endocrinal disrupters. The degrees of PBDEs in ââ¬Å" human chest milk are duplicating every five old ages and this has prompted concern because of the consequence of these chemicals in immature animate beings â⬠( Howell, 2001 ) In add-on, administration for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1993 province that hexavalent Cr besides exists in some of e-waste. It can easy go through through membranes of cells. It causes strong allergic reactions even in little concentrations. Asthmatic bronchitis is another allergic reaction ââ¬Å" linked to chromium VI. Chromium VI may besides do DNA harm â⬠( Howell, 2001 ) The incineration, land-filling, and illegal dumping of electronic wastes all contribute toxic chemicals to the environment. Environmental impacts includes taint of all local environmental media like dirt, air, surface H2O and land H2O. For illustration, the primary risky recycling operations in Guiyu involve ; Metallic recovery that involves in unfastened combustion of wires to obtain steel and Cu, cathode beam tubing checking to obtain copper-laden yokes, perturbing and combustion of circuit boards to take solder and french friess, and acid depriving french friess for gold. Plastic recycling through splintering and thaw ; and dumping of stuffs that can non be further processed ( such as leaded CRT glass and burned circuit boards ) and residues from recycling operations such as ashes from unfastened burn operations, spent acerb baths, and sludges ( Yan, et Al, 2009 ) . Children in Guiyu were found to hold blood lead degrees ( BLL ) that were significantly higher than those in the adjacent small town. Elevated BLLs in Guiyu kids were common as a consequence of exposure to take taint caused by crude e-waste recycling activities ( Xia, 2007 ) .. Prevents Options To Undertake The E-wastesIn this subdivision, some actions that can be adopted are reviewed. Almost all of these actions have to be carried out at the same time. Someof them are targeted to make a wider consciousness amongst the end-users.Adhering buying with take-back merchandise dutyThe purpose of drawn-out manufacturer duty is to promote manufacturers to ââ¬Å" forestall pollution and cut down resource and energy usage in each phase of the merchandise life rhythm through alterations in merchandise design and procedure engineering ââ¬Å" ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . Hence, the manufacturers have a great trade of duty to take back their merchandises and recycle them at the terminal of the merchandises ââ¬Ë operational lives. It puts full fiscal duty on manufacturers to put up aggregation, recycling and disposal systems. In Malaysia, suited ââ¬Å" take strategy on e-waste will heighten the direction of e-waste â⬠( Rahman, 2008 ) . He province that Voluntary take back strategy of e-wastes has non been implemented widely by the producer/ importer of electronic and electrical equipment, therefore a mandatory demand of return dorsum strategy through statute law is required.Political campaign to increase consciousnessIf E-waste causes jobs, the first precedence should be to cut down its coevals. In this respect, ââ¬Å" consumers in exporting states should alter their life styles â⬠( Moriguchi et al, 2006 ) Other we can make by giving some ââ¬Å" wages to the populace to promote them affect in 3R and the wages is non necessary in sort of money â⬠( Iswalah, 2008 ) . The end-user should reach the local or province authorities representatives, ââ¬Å" explain to them why he or she is concerned and inquire them to acquire involved in developing solutions â⬠( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . ââ¬Å" By donating used electronics, schools, non-profit organisations, and lower-income households can afford to utilize equipment that they otherwise could non afford â⬠( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) .Swiss Association for the Information, Communication and Organizational Technologies ( SWICO ) systemThis system compared to other is one of the most best direction of e-waste nowadays.The system considers material flows related to electronic equipment from the point where it becomes waste until the point where the fractions ensuing from screening, leveling, recycling and disposal processes become secondary natural stuffs or are disposed of in a landfill ( Doka, 2003 ) . So, how its work? Harmonizing to Muller and Esther ( 2009 ) , Manual dismantlement is the first measure, more traditional manner to divide risky stuffs from reclaimable stuffs, and to bring forth reclaimable stuffs from electronic waste. In a pre-sorting procedure, the incoming e-waste foremost is separated into the different classs. Then, mechanical dismantlement, the typical constituents of it works oppressing units, shredders, magnetic centrifuges and air centrifuges. The exhaust gases are clean up in waste gas purification workss and the dust generated collected with dust filters. And for refinement, it is included mechanical, thermic and chemical procedures and typically performed for fractions such as batteries, ferric and non-ferrous metal, reclaimable plastic and printed boards.MethodologyMost of the methodological analysis of my research proposal is by making library and internet research. It is of import to acquire background information and to analyze the past research. It is besides utile to do the literature reappraisal. I will travel through some of the diaries, articles, studies and undertakings at that place. To acquire better apprehension, I will acquire some interviews with the workers at Department of Environtment ( DOE ) to acquire inside informations informations about how e-waste is pull offing in Malaysia and by and large around the world.. I besides will travel for interview with Prof. Aghamuthu[ 14 ]( lector in UM ) for his sentiments. By utilizing recording equipment, all the conversations and duologues will be recorded. Survey is besides utile to acquire the information. It will be distributed them to the workers that work in landfill site particularly in Bukit Nanas, Negeri Sembilan. The study contain more on look intoing their organic structure ââ¬Ës wellness and to be related with the symptoms due to toxic discarded from e-waste. Site visit besides involved in my methodological analysis. It will take up to a to the full twenty-four hours for me to see all the procedure. It is besides to do certain that I will non go forth behind all the of import information. Along the visit, camera will be used to take exposures at that place to assist me acquire a better analysis.Expected end productThere still a batch of issues that should be see in pull offing the e-waste..Work PlanThe work program start in hebdomad three and it takes about 11 hebdomads to complete it.WeeksActions3 Choose the rubric To do certain that the rubric is non to contract or wide, and to do certain it can be done on the clip given. 4-7 Library and internet research By collected, take note, and borrows the stuffs from them before farther analyse. 8-10 reappraisal and Analyse informations Form all the information into the construction of research proposal and associate the information of one reading to another. 11-13 Presentation work Fix the slide that summarize the research proposal. 14 Submit study Make some fix on the deficiency and remark from presentation.BudgetEstimated budget:ItemPrice ( RM )Transportation system ââ¬â for fuel and public transit 100.00 Prints ââ¬â for study ââ¬Ës paper, and all the reading stuffs that can non be borrowed. 20.00 Gift ââ¬â for interviewers 30.00 entire 150.00 Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-78448260655682212022020-01-02T15:36:00.001-08:002020-01-02T15:36:03.055-08:00The United States During The 19th Century - 1303 Words 2. The U.S. used harsh, but appropriate, measures to civilize the inhabitants of the west. In the 19th century, several different groups apart from Americans were harshly and forcefully pushed Westward. Native Americans, Mexicans, and Chinese were groups of individuals who from the viewpoint of America, threatened the American way of life in different types of aspects varying from, religion, skin color, political systems, language, and types of government. This groups of people were civilized by the United States, and used what was attainable in their hands to control any opposing forces against the American societies way of living. In 1607, the commence of Indians being pushed away into the west, and seized from their land first began.Throughout the years the U.S would obtain vast amount of new lands, and Indians would continue to further be pushed away. And it would not be until the 1800ââ¬â¢s when they would be pushed into Mexican territory. There they would first begin to integrate into society, which would later result in mestizaje. Indians in the 19th century wou ld undergo harsh measures from the U.S government and its army since they were a form of threat to Americans. Indians would be known as, backwards, barbaros, and barely human. The U.S would come to a realization that ââ¬Å"backwardsâ⬠would represent a point of view that would violate their true nature of the universe, and what was believed to Protestantism. From the viewpoint of an American, the white raceShow MoreRelatedThe United States As A Foreign Power During The 19th Century1292 Words à |à 6 PagesThe United States as a Foreign Power during the 19th Century The Declaration of Independence established the self-evident truths that the laws of nature entailed. Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness became rights to every person in the eyes of Americans. 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PARAGRAPH 1(European Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-54980919514013662092019-12-25T12:03:00.001-08:002019-12-25T12:03:02.887-08:00The Constitution Of The United States Essay - 1290 Words The Constitution was written to serve the purpose as to framework the instituted government that our forefathers wanted. Needless to say, the written demands of the Constitution weren t used to place a burden or strangle the government from asserting their power over the people. If anything, the Constitution was written to maintain the powers within the government, limiting the ability for man to manipulate laws and power over the people. The Constitution helped protect our rights as man and gave us the opportunity to maintain government power too. According to the Constitution, our forefather introduced that our government is made for the people. 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A Constitution can be defined as a document that is the substratum of the countryââ¬â¢s principles. Elements in the Constitution may contain sundry information. Which can include: how many terms a leader may serve, what rights the citizens have, how the judicial system works, etc. The United States in no different from those countries. Every constitution is different, no country has the exact constitution as another. The U.S Constitution is a four-page document detailingRead MoreThe United States Constitution Essay1515 Words à |à 7 PagesThe United States constitution was written in 1787 by the founding fathers of this country. Now it might be appropriate to question why a document that is the basis of the government for one of the most culturally and racially diverse countries in the world, was written by a group of heterosexual, cisgender, rich, white men. Some might think that a constitution written well over 200 years ago would be outdated and irrelevant to the American society of today but with some research, it is quite theRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States756 Words à |à 4 PagesPromulgation and Legislation in the U.S. Constitution: The federal system of government of the United States is based on its constitution. The Constitution grants all authority to the federal government except the power that is delegated to the states. Each state in the United States has its own constitution, local government, statute, and courts. The Constitution of the United States sets the judiciary of the federal government and defines the extent of the federal courtââ¬â¢s power. The federalRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1007 Words à |à 5 PagesThe United States of America has previously experienced failure every now and then. With trial and error, the country has learned to correct its ways and move toward(s) perfecting itself. Realizing the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation is a prime example of the U.S. learning how to better itself. Subsequent to the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution of the United States was set as our new and improved framework of government. Possessing knowled ge on how America, although strongRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States951 Words à |à 4 Pageshappening again. Unlike the artifacts, The Constitution of the United States has not been forgotten, it is actually still very alive today. Unlike most relics, The Constitution still holds a very heroic and patriotic implication, freedom. With freedom comes self-government, freedom of speech, religious tolerance, etc. With all these things comes the great responsibility to adapt and fit to the wants and needs of the decade. Even though the Constitution was made for the interests of the people ofRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1338 Words à |à 6 Pages The Constitution is the basis of law in The United States and has been since it was written in 1789. Since then it has been amended 27 times with the first ten amendments collectively known as the Bill of Rights. The US Constitution was preceded by the Articles of Confederation and supported by the Federalist Papers which we will touch more on later. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson all wrote or influenced The Constitution in a very important way. Alexander HamiltonRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1388 Words à |à 6 PagesInterpretation of the Constitution is one of the biggest conflicts within the United Statesââ¬âthe highly contentious issue of statesââ¬â¢ rights resulted from two different interpretations of what powers should belong to the federal government versus what powers belong to the individual states. No issue has ever caused as much turmoil as the issue of statesââ¬â¢ rightsââ¬âbut one side must have more v alid arguments. Should the federal governmentââ¬â¢s power be superior, or should the authority of the individual states be held Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-69824979969870154022019-12-17T07:52:00.001-08:002019-12-17T07:52:04.126-08:00Cinematography Essay examples - 1197 Words nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Today, the movie industry has become a huge moneymaker in the entertainment business. You cannot turn on the television without seeing advertisements for the next big blockbuster film. While most of the films these days entertain with amazing special effects or raunchy comedy, there are still films that thrive because of great acting, directing, and editing. Three films that I believe would be great examples of the way these aspects can cause a film to excel are ?Any Given Sunday?, ?The Cell?, and ?Almost Famous?. ?Any Given Sunday? shows how, by using editing, a movie can portray an intense situation realistically. In ?The Cell?, color is used to differentiate between how we see things in reality and howâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Panning shots of cheering fans and screaming coaches along with occasional shots of the game being broadcast on a television with commentators giving their take on the action send the viewer back to the reality that they are onl y watching the action and not participating in it. While watching this movie you truly feel like you are in the game. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;?The Cell?, instead of focusing on accurately portraying reality, takes you to the dream world. Catherine Deane, played by Jennifer Lopez, is a child psychologist involved in an experimental project that allows her to travel inside the mind of coma victims to try to draw them away from their fears and thus out of their coma. This movie portrays the journey inside the mind much like you would depict a dream. When Deane is inside a young child, whose main concern seems to be a fear of the ?boogie man?, the world she enters is a beautiful desert scene where the sky is bright blue with puffy white clouds. She is always dressed in bright white dresses and seems to glow. This depicts that she has earned the child?s trust. All color is brighter in this dreamlike world. Even though these experiments had not been successful bringing the child out of the coma, Dean was able to learn a lot about the child. This caused a couple of detectives to approach her about enterin g the mind of a serial killer who had slipped into a coma with the goal of discovering the location of his most recent captive.Show MoreRelatedCinematography Analysis Of Polanskis Chinatown1093 Words à |à 5 PagesCinematography Analysis in Chinatown Chinatown is based on Roman Polanskiââ¬â¢s lifeworks. Polanskiââ¬â¢s goal is to emphasizes the meaning of how cinematography is made, and how it inspires by understanding the concept of setting, lighting, and how the image is captured. This film was released in 1974 by director of Roman Polanski to focus on private investigator J.J. Gittes, played by Jack Nicholson to investigate the elements behind the truth. Polanskiââ¬â¢s goal is to emphasize the audience to give anRead MoreThe Impact of Cinematography on Our Life Essay1229 Words à |à 5 Pagestodayââ¬â¢s society, film is seen as a major form of entertainment that can also be used to convey certain messages and themes. An aspect of film that is often missed or taken for granted is the impact of cinematography. Cinematography is the art of motion picture photography. Over the years, cinematography has proven itself to be a major contribution to film, furthering its artistic value and evolving as time changes. In the beginning, when film was still an emerging form of technology, expressionRead MoreCitizen Kane : Film Directed By Orson Welles1203 Words à |à 5 Pagesmillionaire Foster Kane played by Orson Welles himself. The film is set in the early 1930ââ¬â¢s and 40ââ¬â¢s and follows his life and the presses attempt to unveil the meaning of his last mysterious word ââ¬Å"Rosebud.â⬠The brilliance of this film comes from the cinematography and shows the assertions of humanity through its use of Mise-en-scene and various technical aspects such as low angle shots and Deep-Focus shots. The use of Deep-Focused shots made this film appeal to people both literally and visually; Deep-FocusedRead MoreThe Discourse Of A Discourse Community1224 Words à |à 5 Pagesof the more popular variety, there are many other events just like them that happen all over the world. Apart from conferences and festivals there are many journals and magazines that exist within the film world. There ar e documents specific to cinematography like American Cinematographers which is published by the A.S.C. The A.S.C or ââ¬Å"The American Society of Cinematographersâ⬠, is invitation only and they are extended only to directors of photography and special effects experts with outstanding creditsRead MoreGone Girl Is One Of The Best Movies Of 20141022 Words à |à 5 Pagesfascinating act making some of these scenes the strongest parts of the film. Montage use makes the film a unique experience since the screens press forward like a living canvas. The cinematography is used in the film to support the plot. The personalities of Nick and Amy are particularly enhanced using cinematography. The twists involved in Amyââ¬â¢s disappearance are enhanced using shot infused tension. Shots in the film incorporate the expanse of space and carefully choreographed movements of the camerasRead MoreThe Language of New Media by Lev Manovich Essay1023 Words à |à 5 Pagesforeseen. Because if this, the transformation and impact was not recorded systematically. With the rise of cinema, a new artistic language was born: cinematography. Even though Manovich criticizes that it was not recorded, we need a form of hindsight to see its importance and its consequences before being able to make an educated judgement about cinematography which will shape the recording of it. Manovich tries to provide ââ¬Å"a potential map of what the field could beâ⬠(ibid, pg.11) back in 2001. I thinkRead MoreThe Film War Horse By Michael Morpurgo1575 Words à |à 7 PagesHorse is ââ¬Ëan adaptation of Michael Morpurgoââ¬â¢sââ¬â¢ (Madigan 2012, 48) childrenââ¬â¢s novel, and gives its viewers a breath-taking tale of a friendship between a horse (Joey) and a young man (Albert) amongst the devastation of World War 1. The films use of cinematography creates an effective and realistic narrative, reviews stating it succeeds in painting an accurate ââ¬Ëpicture of the role played by horses during the First World Warââ¬â¢ (Madigan 2012, 49). Without its use of camera angles and cinematic features theRead MoreThe Significance of Lighting, Blocking and Panning in Kaneââ¬â¢s Declaration of Principles902 Words à |à 4 PagesIn cinema, lighting, blocking and panning drastically influence what an audience will notice and take away from a scene. Orson Wellesââ¬â¢s 1941 Citizen Kane has numerous examples of effectively using these aspects within mise-en-scà ¨ne, cinematography and editing to portray the importance of specific events and items in the film. The scene where Kane writes and then publishes his ââ¬Å"Declaration of Principlesâ⬠(37:42-39:42) in the New York Daily Inquirer after buying them focuses on important elementsRead MoreInception, the Movie600 Words à |à 2 PagesInception Inception is not only a film that uses unique cinematography techniques but also tells a story with a big concept that one canââ¬â¢t comprehend right away. The concept of dreams and how one dream can effect another dream is a risky topic to discuss due being the endless possibilities and complexities it can have. The director of Inception was none other than Christopher Nolan, as shown by the obvious concept of noir and conceptual thought that is in many of his films. Together with his partnerRead MoreMovies Falling Under The Romance And Drama Genre, Often1269 Words à |à 6 Pagespredictable plot of usually two people falling in love along with some drama that could lead to a very intriguing film. Director Ross Katz, took the novel The Choice, written by Nicholas Sparks, and casted the novel into a film where a large variety of cinematography techniques are used to get different perspectives on the film. Cinematographer Alar Kivilo and director Ross Katz use different cinemati c points of view, color, and camera movement to show how true love can be found by two people. Cinematic Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-64544765596896396532019-12-09T04:35:00.001-08:002019-12-09T04:35:06.180-08:00Competitive Strategy for Technological - Legal and Environmental Question: Discuss about theCompetitive Strategy for Technological, Legal and Environmental. Answer: Introduction The essay will be highlighting the tools that help in providing competitive strategy to the organizations, which will allow them to function in a proper manner so that the external and the internal threats can be identified properly. The organizations need to have a clear understanding of the threats and the opportunities that are there in the market that may affect the company in an internal or an external manner. The essay will be highlighting the PESTLE analysis and the Five Forces analysis that affect the company in an external manner and SWOT analysis that helps in evaluating the internal operations of the company by examining the strengths that are present. These competitive strategy tools will help in providing Fonterra a competitive advantage in the market so that they can gain a better market share and increase the attractiveness among the customers. PESTLE analysis This is an important tool, as it helps in taking in to consideration the external environment under which the organization is performing so that it can help in providing a clear idea before they are ready to launch a new product within the market so that it can be successful. The analysis is an abbreviation that stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental (Kolios and Read 2013). The political factors will help Fonterra in deciding the regulatory frameworks that will help them in offering the products in the market by abiding to the rules and regulations lay down in the country. The economic factors will help the organization in getting a better knowledge of the performance of the country with respect to the economy so that the company can be able to increase its chances of profits. The social factors will help Fonterra in indentifying the society in which they are operating so that so that they can take in to account the needs and preferences of the customers (Shaw 2015). The technological factors will enable Fonterra in getting a better understanding of the new technologies that are available in the market so that it can result in increasing the production within the organization. This will allow the company in gaining a competitive advantage in the market as well. The legal factors will help Fonterra in adhering to the safety rules and regulations that are present so that they can work in an ethical manner (Baldwin et al. 2014). The environmental factors allow the company in highlighting the surrounding environment where they are carrying out with the operations. It will also enable them in understanding the natural forces that may destroy the production (Yadavalli and Heggers 2013). Five Forces analysis This competitive strategy will help Fonterra in evaluating the position and the competitive strength that they have within the dairy industry. The organizational strength can be determined, which will help in providing the actual position of the organization in the chosen markets so that the ways can be identified that will help in increasing the profits of the company. The power of the supplier has to be determined by Fonterra so that it can help them in analyzing the impact that the suppliers can create within the industry (Spicka 2013). It will also enable the organization in analyzing the cost of switching to the new company. The power of the buyers also needs to be taken in to account by the company, as they play an important role in the reduction of prices within the market. It will also enable the organization in evaluating the willingness of the customers to pay for the products (Noble 2017). The rivalry among the competitors will enable Fonterra in understanding the abilities that the competitors will have in influencing the product within the market. Most of the competitors in the dairy industry provide the products that are similar to Fonterra, which results in decreasing the attractiveness of the product in the local market (Yadavalli and Geggers 2013). The threat that comes from the substitutes needs to be evaluated so that Fonterra can understand the ability of the customers in switching over to a new product when they try to increase the price of the products in the market. The new companies that are gaining entry in the market needs to be analyzed by Fonterra so that it can help in understanding the profitability ration that the company can likely achieve when the new companies will operate in the market (Raven, Cocks and Hayes 2014). SWOT analysis This analysis will help Fonterra in analyzing the strengths and the weakness so that they can overcome the weakness based on the opportunities that are provided within the market. This competitive strategy tool will help in analyzing the internal environment of the company so that they can maximize the level of efficiency within the company. The strengths of the company will help in evaluating the core competencies that are present so that the quality and the quantity of the production can be maintained, which will provide them with a competitive advantage (Ingaldi and Skurkova 2014). The identification of the weaknesses of the company is mandatory for Fonterra, as it has to be improved that will provide the competitive to achieve the economies of scale in a better manner. It will also provide the organization an opportunity to evaluate the weakness so that they can take a better step and analyze the strategies that are present within the organization (Seifu and Doluschitz 2014). The opportunities have to be identified by Fonterra so that it can help them in improving their business in an efficient manner. This would result in increasing their level of profits so that they can be profitable in the market. Fonterra needs to evaluate the options that are present to them as opportunities so that they can help in increasing their volume of sales in the market. It will also result in identifying the loopholes that has not been capitalized so that it can help in increasing the goodwill of the company in the market (Passetti et al. 2016). The threats need to be analyzed in a proper manner by the company so that it can help in understanding the market dynamics that are present in the market. This will allow the company in eliminating the threats that are present in the market so that the company can function in an efficient manner. The managers of Fonterra needs to have a better insight regarding the strengths and weaknesses of the organization that are present inter nally so that they can identify the threats and the opportunities and operate in a proper manner (Seifu and Doluschitz 2014). Conclusion It can therefore be concluded that the tools that are present in analyzing the competitive strategy of the company will result in protecting the internal as well as the external environment in an efficient manner. It will help the managers of Fonterra in understanding then position of the company within the dairy industry as well as in the overall Australian market. It will also allow Fonterra in analyzing the risks and identify the opportunities that are present in the market so that they can be competitive and increase the attractiveness of the products in the market. Reference List Baldwin, R.L., Zhang, A., Fultz, S.W., Abubeker, S., Harris, C., Connor, E.E. and Van Hekken, D.L., 2014. Hot topic: Brown marmorated stink bug odor compounds do not transfer into milk by feeding bug-contaminated corn silage to lactating dairy cattle.Journal of dairy science,97(4), pp.1877-1884. Ingaldi, M. and k?rkov, K.L., 2014. Company strategy determination in food company using SWOT method.Acta Technologica Agriculturae,17(3), pp.66-69. Kolios, A. and Read, G., 2013. A political, economic, social, technology, legal and environmental (PESTLE) approach for risk identification of the tidal industry in the United Kingdom.Energies,6(10), pp.5023-5045. Noble, D., 2017.Forces of production: A social history of industrial automation. Routledge. Passetti, R.A.C., Eiras, C.E., Gomes, L.C., Santos, J.F.D. and Prado, I.N.D., 2016. Intensive dairy farming systems from Holland and Brazil: SWOT analyse comparison.Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences,38(4), pp.439-446. Raven, L.A., Cocks, B.G. and Hayes, B.J., 2014. Multibreed genome wide association can improve precision of mapping causative variants underlying milk production in dairy cattle.BMC genomics,15(1), p.62. Seifu, E. and Doluschitz, R., 2014. Analysis of the dairy value chain: Challenges and opportunities for dairy development in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia.International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research,2(6), pp.224-233. Shaw, A., 2015. A PESTLE analysis for the Pharmaceutical Industry. Spicka, J., 2013. The competitive environment in the dairy industry and its impact on the food industry.Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics,5(2), p.89. Yadavalli, R. and Heggers, G.R.V.N., 2013. Two stage treatment of dairy effluent using immobilized Chlorella pyrenoidosa.Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering,11(1), p.36. Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-86608134135713170292019-12-01T16:16:00.001-08:002019-12-01T16:16:04.463-08:00Romeo And Juliet Essays (1707 words) - , Term Papers Romeo And Juliet Do you believe in fate? To answer the question, you must first have a correct idea of what fate is. A definition of fate would be the power that is supposed to settle ahead of time how things will happen. Could there be such a power that rules our lives, and if so, why? Romeo and Juliet, the two young lovers in William Shakespeare' s Romeo and Juliet, ended up becoming a large part of what could be called "fate". Fate seemed to control their lives and force them together, becoming a large part of their love, and the ending of their parent's hatred. Fate became the ultimate control power in this play, and plays a large part in modern everyday life, even if we don't recognize it. Maybe we don't recognize it because we choose not to, or don't have faith like we used to, but the fact remains that fate controls what we do throughout all of our lives. A large part of the beliefs for both Romeo and Juliet involve fate. They believed in the stars, and that their actions weren't always their own. Romeo, for example, 1.4.115-120, he says, "Some consequence yet hanging in the stars...by some vile forfeit of untimely death. But he that hath the steerage over my course Direct my sail." He's basically saying to his friends that he had a dream which leads him to believe that he will die young because of something in the stars, something that will happen. He ends with "...he that hath steerage over my course..." which implies that he does not have control over his life if he looks to another power above himself to direct him. He does not feel that he is the one who makes decisions, it is all a higher purpose, a different power. We're all sort of like the puppets below the puppeteer. He's asking for that puppeteer to direct his "sail," or his life, in the right direction. Fate directs us all like the puppets on the end of it's string, and I believe strongly in it. It is, in many ways, the mystical power that controls who and what we become, and it explains that which can not be explained. Romeo was looking to this power, asking of this power to direct him, not to an untimely death as he foresaw in his dream, but to just steer him, because that is the control which he knows he does not have over himself. Nonetheless, fate still managed to weave Romeo into a twisted web of it's power's and plan's. It did this by starting with a few simple emotions and actions. Romeo had a crush on Rosaline, who did not return these feelings. Next, an illiterate servant of the Capulet's was sent to invite people on a list to a party that the Capulet's were throwing. While Romeo babbled on about his life with Benvolio, his cousin and kinsmen, Romeo bumped into this servant who asked him to read the list, with Rosaline's name, which got Romeo to agree to go after the servant invited them. This sets everything up for the two lovers. They meet at the party, Romeo memorized by her beauty, and her simply memorized by him. They realize later their identity, but they are in love and won't let their names get in the way of that strong emotional bind. If fate didn't put all this together, then what or who did? What were the chances of all of this happening to two loathed enemies? It would probably be a million to one. Fate set up their love, their love already predestined, as well as their suicides, which they both foresaw. Romeo and Juliet throughout the play have dreams or visions of their deaths. Juliet for example in 3.5.55, she says, "Methinks I see thee, now thou art so low, as one dead in the bottom of a tomb." She sees Romeo dead in a tomb, which is where he eventually ends up in the end of the play, beside her. This why she talks about Romeo being so low in a tomb, he's dead, and she has foreseen it, before it has even happened. How could she have seen the future if it wasn't already decided for her? The answer is, she probably couldn't have. I'm very superstitious and believe in dreams and powers beyond us, that in the end everything can amount to some good, and some bad. It's a constant balance that keeps Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-34486162071975210832019-11-26T18:21:00.001-08:002019-11-26T18:21:04.769-08:00The Crucible Essays (309 words) - Salem Witch Trials, TitubaThe Crucible Essays (309 words) - Salem Witch Trials, Tituba The Crucible The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is a fact-based story about a town called Salem and it's unjust people. Salem, was a town ruled and governed by religion. Things such as games, newspapers, or anything alien to their small town were considered evil. Though a strict, religion-based town might sound appealing to some, the town had many problems. One such problem was the witch trials that took place in Judge Hathorne's Court. In these trials little girls would sit in the front and the elder people in the back. Judge Hathorne would sit in the middle with the defendant sitting in a chair to the right. The defendant would be questioned and interrogated like any case held in court today. Then the girls in the front would put on a show that the person was "grasping them with a chilly hand " or attempting to kill them. After this the defendant would be sentenced, usually to hanging. I pitty those girls. It's amazing that a show put on by such adolesence could end a persons life without factual proof. I think, on a more positive note, that Tituba was a strong character in Salem. Tituba told the children stories of which they'd never heard. Tituba influenced them to think beyond which their parents and teachers had instilled and enlogged inside their heads. But my views aren't agreed with by Abigail who shouts, "She sends her spirit on me in church; she makes me laugh at prayer." (p44) Many times, Tituba is accused of witchcraft and "compacting with the devil." This is sad because all Tituba's intentions are two show the children that there'' more to life than Salem wants them to see. On the whole, The Crucible is a story that has greal moral and has many lessons to be learned(as well as other Arthur Miller selections) Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-76005284688488324242019-11-23T01:56:00.001-08:002019-11-23T01:56:02.264-08:00Molecular Equation Definition in ChemistryMolecular Equation Definition in Chemistry A molecular equation is a balanced chemical equation in which the ionic compounds are expressed as molecules instead of component ions. Examples One example of a molecular formula is: KNOMolecular Versus Ionic Equations For a reaction involving ionic compounds, there are three types of equations that can be written: molecular equations, complete ionic equations, and net ionic equations. All of these equations have their place in chemistry. A molecular equation is valuable because it shows exactly what substances were used in a reaction. A complete ionic equation shows all the ions in a solution, while a net ionic equation shows only the ions that participate in a reaction to form products. For example, in the reaction between sodium chloride (NaCl) and silver nitrate (AgNO3), the molecular equation is: NaCl(aq) AgNOThe complete ionic equation is: NaThe net ionic equation is written by canceling out the species that appear on both sides of the complete ionic equation and thus dont contribute to the reaction. For this example, the net ionic equation is: Ag Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-62552828960648706942019-11-21T03:56:00.001-08:002019-11-21T03:56:10.215-08:00Abraham Lincoln' Political Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsAbraham Lincoln' Political Religion - Essay Example Even though Lincoln never proved himself to be an ardent abolitionist he strongly protested against the extension of slavery to other territories. He emphasized the concept of self-government and strongly believed that the Founders of the Constitution foresaw the abolition of slavery in America in the long run. Lincoln makes it clear that even though the Declaration of Independence was formed by the representatives of thirteen States of the confederacy out of which twelve were slaveholding communities they made provisions in the Constitution to the abolition of slave trade in the long run. However, unlike the abolitionists Lincoln sought to address the issue of slavery within the limits of the Constitution and later his speeches and presidential debates explicitly reinforce his anti-slavery sentiments. This paper seeks to explore Guelzoââ¬â¢s argument that the Declaration of Independence formed the Scripture of Lincolnââ¬â¢s political religion and in doing so the paper also sho ws how Lincoln has accommodated his political ideologies with the Constitution that binds the Union together. In his 1854 campaign one can find Lincoln upholding the constitution, the Union and the good will of the Founders. He makes it clear that the Founders were always against slavery and they took special efforts to stop the spread of slavery into the Old Northwest Territory. For him, the Founders ââ¬Å"could not avoid the unpleasant fact that slavery already existed in the Southern states of the Union, but they had regarded its existence as an anomaly and they tolerated its continuation there as an ââ¬Å"argument of necessityâ⬠for establishing the national Unionâ⬠(Guelzo 185-86). Lincoln also goes on to purport that even Missouri winning the administration as a slave state in 1820 and its slave status was only a concession aimed at further spreading slavery into the West. One can also find Lincoln repudiating Douglasââ¬â¢s arguments in favor of the doctrine of self-government and popular sovereignty. While Douglas justified the Kansasââ¬âNebraska Act of 1854 that allowed settlers in the territories to determine through Popular Sovereignty whether they would allow slavery within each territory, Lincoln was well aware of the dangers of Kansas-Nebraska. Douglas was of the opinion that ââ¬Å"slavery had to be given its chance in the territories because it was the right of free settlers to exercise their popular sovereignty in choosing their own kind of governmentâ⬠(Guelzo 186) whereas Lincoln argued that popular sovereignty would subvert the principle of self-government as this would offer a choice for slavery. During his 1859 campaign speeches in the Ohio, Indiana, and Wisconsin Lincoln repeatedly asserted that the even though the Founders sought to restrain the spread of slavery in the territories Douglas and Kansas-Nebraska had wrecked that bargain by trying to extend slavery across the nation. While Douglas argued that popular sovereignty would enable territories to refuse slavery Lincoln held that slavery could never cease to exist unless and until it is prohibited by law. He also observed that in such territories and states where ââ¬Å"slavery was not prohibited, it was establishedâ⬠and the Northerners were kept free due to the ââ¬Å"explicit congressional legislation embodied in the Northwest Ordinance, banning the extension of slaveryâ⬠rather than by the logic of popular sovereignty (Guelzo 230). Similarly, Lincoln regarded slavery as a total destruction of self-government. For him, the white man not only governs himself in self-government but also displays despotism by governing the blacks. Thus, Lincoln made Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-56557532833579245102019-11-19T15:59:00.001-08:002019-11-19T15:59:04.213-08:00Thucydides, the peloponnesian war, the Melian Dialogue ( Book 5, EssayThucydides, the peloponnesian war, the Melian Dialogue ( Book 5, chapter 17) - Essay Example The Melians was a colony of many islands, but Athens wouldnââ¬â¢t submit to them. They remained neutral and didnââ¬â¢t s tussle with the people. Athenians used violence to evict the Melians from their territory and this made the Melians change their attitude and became hostile. In the Melian dialogue, Athenians demanded the Melians to give up on their city and compensate them for the destruction caused in the city. In response, the Melians claimed that they would remain neutral and not become enemies so instead they offered friendship. The Athenians argued that they would look weak and the people would undermine their strength, if they accepted the Melians to be neutral and independent (Crawley 2). The Melians countered that it would be a shame and an act of cowardice if they surrendered without a fight. Thucydides stated that, if such an action is taken to keep your empire and your people will not be free and will subdued to slavery, then the people who are free will be considered cowards and weak if they fail to face everything. The Athenians responded and stated that the debate wasnââ¬â¢t about honor, but of self-preservation. The Melians stated that the Athenians were strong and they could easily win. In response, the Athenians stated that the strong were hopeful and the weak Melians were hopeless and outnumbered. The Melians responded that they had great help from their gods, but Thucydides stated that trust in god would give prosperity for those who stood for the right and not wrong. The Athenians response to the Melians was that gods and man value strength over integrity and the strong can make it but the weak suffer (Crawley 3-4). The Melians argued that the Spartans would come and aid them in their defense. The Athenians responded to this by stating that the Spartans had little to their advantage and more to lose by aiding the Melians. The Athenians concluded that there was nothing wrong in getting a strong enemy, but this statement didnââ¬â¢t change Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-14579517706705688152019-11-17T04:31:00.001-08:002019-11-17T04:31:08.155-08:00Renaissance Notes Essay Example for Free Renaissance Notes Essay The 15th century artistic developments in Italy matured during the 16th century. The 15th century is thus designated the ââ¬Å"Early Renaissanceâ⬠and the 16th century the ââ¬Å"High Renaissanceâ⬠. Although there is no single style that defines the period, there is a distinct level of technical and artistic mastery that does. This is the age of Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, and Titian, artists whose works exhibit such authority, that later generations of artists relied on these works for instruction. These exemplary artistic creations further elevated the prestige of artists. Artists could claim divine inspiration, thereby raising visual art to a status formerly only given to poetry. Painters, sculptors, and architects were elevated to a new level and they claimed for their work a high position among the fine arts. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 1519) was born in the small town of Vinci, near Florence. He trained in the studio of Andrea del Verrocchio. He was brilliant man with many interests. His directions foreshadowed those that art and science would take in the future. A discussion of his many interests enhances our understanding of his artistic production. Those interests are seen in his Romulus sketchbooks filled with drawings and notes from his studies of the human body and natural world. He explored optics in-depth, allowing him to understand perspective, light, and color. His scientific drawings are artworks themselves. Leonardoââ¬â¢s ambition in painting, as well as science, was to discover the laws underlying the processes and flux of nature. Leonardo believed that reality in its absolute sense is inaccessible, and that humans can only know it through its changing images. He considered the eyes the most vital organs and sight the most essential function. In his notes, he repeatedly stated that all his scientific investigations made him a better painter. Around 1481, Leonardo left Florence, offering his services to Ludovico Sforza, duke of Milan. In his offer he highlighted his competence as a military engineer, mentioning his artistic abilities only at the end. This provided Leonardo with increased financial security and highlights the periodââ¬â¢s instability. During his first trip to Milan Leonardo painted Virgin on the Rocks as a central panel of an altarpiece for the chapel of the confraternity of the Immaculate Conception in San Francesco Grande. The painting builds on Masaccioââ¬â¢s understanding and usage of Chiaroscuro. Modeling with light and shadow and expressing emotional states were, for Leonardo, the heart of painting. A good painting has two chief objects to paint man and the intention of his soul. The former is easy, the latter hard, for it must be expressed by gestures and the movement of the limbs A painting will only be wonderful for the beholder by making that which is not so appear raised and detached from the wall. Leonardo presented the figures in Virgin of the Rocks in a pyramidal grouping and more notably, as sharing the same environment. This groundbreaking achievement the unified representation of objects in an atmospheric setting was a manifestation of scientific curiosity about the invisible substance surrounding things. The Madonna, Christ Child, infant John the Baptist, and angel emerge through nuances of light and shade from the half light of the cavernous visionary landscape. Light veils and reveals the forms, immersing them in a layer of atmosphere that exists between them and the viewer. Atmospheric perspective is in full view. The figures actions unite them; prayer, pointing, and blessing. The angel points to the infant John. His outward glance involves spectators out of view, perhaps the viewers of the painting. John prays to the Christ Child and is blessed in return. The Virgin herself completes the series of interlocking gestures, her left hand resting protectively on Johnââ¬â¢s shoulder. The mood of tenderness, enhanced by caressing light, suffuses the entire composition. Leonardo succeeded in expressing ââ¬Å"the intention of his soul.â⬠For the refectory of the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Leonardo painted Last Supper. Despite its ruined state (in part from Leonardoââ¬â¢s unfortunate experiments with his materials) and although it has often been restored ineptly, the painting is Leonardoââ¬â¢s most formally and emotionally impressive work. Christ and his twelve disciples are seated at a long table set parallel to the picture plane in a simple, spacious room. Leonardo amplified the drama by placing it in an austere room. Christ with outstretched hands, has just said, ââ¬Å"one of you is about to betray meâ⬠Matt 26:21. A wave of intense excitement passes through the group as each disciple asks himself or his neighbor, ââ¬Å"Is it I?â⬠In the center, Christ appears isolated from the disciples and in perfect repose, while emotion swirls around him. The central window in the back frames Christ and has a curving pediment above it. The arc serves as a diffused halo. Christââ¬â¢s head is the location of the single vanishing point on which the orthogonals converge, further emphasizing Christ. Leonardo presented the agitated disciples in four groups of three, united among and within themselves by the figuresââ¬â¢ gestures and postures. The artist sacrificed traditional iconography to pictorial and dramatic consistency by placing Judas on the same side of the table as Jesus and the other disciples. His face in shadow, Judas clutches a money bag in his right hand and reaches his left forward to fulfill the Masterââ¬â¢s declarationâ⬠:But yeah behold, the hand of him that betrayeth me is on the tableâ⬠Luke 22:21. The two disciples on the end contain the action by their quiet composure. Leonardoââ¬â¢s, Mona Lisa is the worldââ¬â¢s most famous portrait. The sitterââ¬â¢s identity is not certain, but Vasari asserted that she is Lisa di Antonio Maria Gherardini, the wife of a wealthy Florentine hence, ââ¬Å"Mona (an Italian contraction of ma donna, ââ¬Å"my ladyâ⬠) Lisa.â⬠It is notable because it is a convincing representation of an individual, rather than serving as an icon of status. The ambiguity of the famous ââ¬Å"smileâ⬠is really the consequence of Leonardoââ¬â¢s fascination and skill with chiaroscuro and atmospheric perspective. Her they serve to disguise rather than reveal a human psyche. The artist subtly adjusted the light and blurred precise planes Leonardoââ¬â¢s famous smokey sfumato (misty haziness) rendering the facial expression hard to determine. The lingering appeal of Mona Lisa derives in large part from Leonardoââ¬â¢s decision to set his subject against the backdrop of a mysterious uninhabited landscape. Originally Leonardo represented Mona Lisa in a loggia with columns. The painting was cropped later on (not by Leonardo) and the columns were eliminated. The remains of the column bases may still be seen to the left and right of Monaââ¬â¢s shoulders. Leonardo completed very few paintings; his perfectionism, relentless experimentation, and far ranging curiosity diffused his efforts. The drawings in his notebooks preserve an extensive record of his ideas. His interests focused increasingly on science in his later years, and he embraced knowledge of all facets of the natural world. One example is The Fetus and Lining of the Uterus, although not up to 20th century standards for accuracy, it was an astounding achievement in its day. Though not the first scientist, Leonardo certainly originated a method of scientific illustration, especially cutaway and exploded views. Scholars have long recognized the importance of these drawings for the development of anatomy as a science, especially in an age predating photographic methods such a X rays. Leonardo was well known as an architect and sculptor in his lifetime, but no existing building or sculptures can be attributed to him. From his drawings he was interested in the central style plan of buildings. Leonardo left numerous drawings of monumental equestrian statues of which one was made into a full scale model for a monument to Francesco Sforza (Ludovicoââ¬â¢s). The French used it for a target and shot it to pieces when they occupied Milan in 1499. Due to the French, Leonardo left Milan and served for a while as a military engineer for Caesar Borgia, who, with the support of his father, Pope Alexander VI, who tried to conquer the cities of the Romagna region in North Central Italy and create a Borgia duchy. At a later date, Leonardo returned to Milan in the service of the French. At the invitation of King Francis I, he then went to France, where he died at the Chateau of Cloux in 1519. Julius II: The Warrior Pope Pope Julius II (Giuliano della Rovere (1503 1513), was an individual whose interests and activities effected the course of the High Renaissance. Julius II was a very ambitious man who indulged his enthusiasm for battle in a supposed quest to expand the church and the Kingdom of Heaven by worldly means. This earned him a designation as the ââ¬Å"warrior popeâ⬠. He selected his name Julius after Julius Caesar, and he ran the papacy using the Roman Empire as his model. Julius IIââ¬â¢s papacy was notable for his contributions to the arts. He was an avid art patron and understood well the propagandistic value of visual imagery. After his election as pope, he immediately commissioned artworks that would present an authoritative image of his rule and reinforce the primacy of the Catholic Church. He commissioned a new design for Saint Peterââ¬â¢s basilica, the construction of his tomb, the painting of the Sistine Chapel ceiling, and the decoration of the papal apartments. These large scale projects clearly required considerable finances. Because of this need, Julius sanctioned the huge increase in the selling of indulgences as a way to raise the revenue needed to fund the art, architecture, and the lavish papal lifestyle. This perception prompted disgruntlement among the faithful. Despite his exceptional artistic legacy, Julius IIââ¬â¢s patronage contributed to the rise of the Reformation. Saint Peterââ¬â¢s Old Saint Peterââ¬â¢s had fallen into considerable disrepair and did not fit Julius IIââ¬â¢s taste for the large, colossal, and glorious. He wanted control over all Italy and make the Rome of the Popeââ¬â¢s as glorious as or greater than that of the Caesars. This important commission was awarded to Donato Dââ¬â¢Angelo Bramante (1444 1514). Bramante was trained as a painter. He went to Milan in 1481 and stayed till the French arrived in 1499. In Milan he abandoned painting and went on to become the most renowned architect of his generation. Influenced by Brunelleschi, Alberti, and perhaps Leonardo, who favored antiquity, Bramante developed the High Renaissance form of the central plan church. Bramante originally conceived the new Saint Peterââ¬â¢s to consist of a cross with arms of equal length, each terminated by an apse. Julius II intended the new building to serve as a martyrium to mark Saint Peterââ¬â¢s grave and also hoped to have his own tomb in it. A large dome would have covered the crossing, and smaller domes over the subsidiary chapels would have covered the diagonal axes of the roughly squared plan. The ambitious plan called for a boldly sculptural treatment of the walls and piers under the dome. His design for the interior space was complex in the extreme, with the intricate symmetries of a crystal. It is possible to detect in the plan nine interlocking crosses, five of them supporting domes. The scale was so titanic that, according to sources, Bramante boasted he would place the dome of the Pantheon over the Basilica Nova. During Bramanteââ¬â¢s lifetime, the actual construction on the new Saint Peterââ¬â¢s basilica did not advance beyond the building of the crossing piers and the lower choir walls. After his death, the work passed on to other architects and finally to Michelangelo, whom Pope Paul III appointed in 1546 to complete the building. Not until the 17th century did the Church oversee the completion. An earlier building completed by Bramante is considered the perfect prototype of classical domed architecture for the Renaissance and after. The building is called Tempietto ââ¬Å"Little Templeâ⬠because to contemporaries it had the look of a Roman pagan temple. The lower story was directly inspired by the round temples of Roman Italy that Bramante would have know in Rome. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain commissioned the Tempietto to mark the conjectural location of Saint Peterââ¬â¢s crucifixion. Available information suggests the project was commissioned in 1502, but there is dispute over the date. Bramante relied on the composition of volumes and masses and on a sculptural handling of solids and voids to set apart this building, all but devoid of ornament, from the structures built in the preceding century. Standing inside the cloister along side the church of San Pietro in Montorio, Rome, and the Tempietto resembles a sculptured reliquary and would have looked even more like one inside the circular colonnaded courtyard Bramante planned for it but never executed. At first glance, the structure seems severely rational with its circular stylobate and Tuscan style colonnade. Wonderful harmony is achieved in the relationship of the parts (dome, drum, and base) to one another and to the whole. Conceived as a tall domed cylinder projecting from a wider lower cylinder of the colonnade, this building incorporates all the qualities of a sculpted monument. There is a wonderful rhythmic play of light and shadow on the form. Although the Tempietto may superficially resemble a Greek tholos, the combination of parts and details was new and original. If one of the main differences between Early and High Renaissance styles of architecture was the formerââ¬â¢s emphasis on detailing flat wall surfaces versus the latterââ¬â¢s sculptural handling of architectural masses, then Tempietto certainly broke new ground and stood at the beginning of the High Renaissance. The architect Andrea Palladio credited Bramante as the ââ¬Å"first to bring back to light the good and beautiful architecture from antiquity to that time had been hidden.â⬠Round in plan, it is elevated on a base that isolates it from its surroundings. Michelangelo The artist whom Pope Julius II deemed best able to convey his message was Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475 1564), who received some of the most coveted commissions. Though a man of many talents, architect, sculptor, painter, poet, and engineer, he thought of himself first as a sculptor. He regarded sculptor as a superior calling to painter because the sculptor shares in something like the divine power to ââ¬Å"make man.â⬠Drawing a conceptual parallel to Platoââ¬â¢s ideas, Michelangelo believed that the image produced by the artists hand must come from the idea in the artistââ¬â¢s mind. The idea, then, is the reality that the artistââ¬â¢s genius has brought forth. But artists are not the creators of the ideas they conceive. Rather they find their ideas in the natural world, reflecting the absolute idea, which, for the artist, is beauty. One of Michelangeloââ¬â¢s best known observations about sculpture is that the artist must proceed by finding the idea the image locked in the stone, as it were. Thus, by removing the excess stone, the artist extricates the ideas, like Pygmalion bringing forth the living form. Michelangelo felt that the artist works through many years at this unceasing process of revelation and ââ¬Å"arrives late at novel and lofty things.â⬠Michelangelo sharply broke from his predecessors in a very important respect. He mistrusted the application of mathematical methods as guarantees of beauty in proportion. Measure and proportion, he believed, should be ââ¬Å"kept in the eyes.â⬠Vasari quotes Michelangelo as declaring that ââ¬Å"it was necessary to have the compasses in the eyes and not in the hand, because the hands work and the eye judges.â⬠Thus Michelangelo went against Vitruvius, Alberti, Leonardo, and others by asserting that the artistââ¬â¢s inspired judgment could identify other pleasing proportions. He believed that the artist must not be bound, except by the demands made by realizing the idea. This insistence on the artistââ¬â¢s own authority was typical of Michelangelo and anticipated the modern concept of the right of self expression of talent limited only by the artistââ¬â¢s own judgment. The artistic license to aspire far beyond the ââ¬Å"rulesâ⬠was, in part, a manifestation of the pursuit of fame and success that humanism fostered. In this context, Michelangelo designed architecture and created paintings that departed from High Renaissance regularity. He put in its stead a style of vast, expressive strength conveyed through complex, eccentric, and often titanic forms that loom before the viewer in tragic grandeur. Michelangeloââ¬â¢s self imposed isolation, creative furies, proud independence, and daring innovations led Italians to speak of the dominating quality of the man and his work in one word -terribilita, the sublime shadowed by the awesome and the fearful. David In 1501, the Florence Cathedral building committee asked Michelangelo to work a great block of marble left over from an earlier aborted commission. From this stone, Michelangelo crafted David, which assured his reputation then and now as an extraordinary talent. The form and its references to classical antiquity appealed to Julius II who associated himself with the humanists and Roman emperors. This sculpture and the acclaim that accompanied its completion lead to Michelangeloââ¬â¢s papal commissions. Like other David sculptures, Michelangeloââ¬â¢s had a political dimension. With the political instability of the time, Florentines viewed David as the symbolic defiant hero of the Florentine republic, especially given the statueââ¬â¢s placement near the west door of the Palazzo della Signoria. Forty years after Davidââ¬â¢s completion, Vasari extolled the political value of David claiming that ââ¬Å"without a doubt the figure has put in the shade every other statue, ancient or modern, Greek or Roman this was intended as a symbol of liberty for the palace, signifying that just as David protected his people and governed them justly, so whoever ruled Florence should vigorously defend the city and govern it with justice.â⬠Michelangelo depicted David, not in victory, but turning his head sternly watching the approaching foe. His whole body and face is tense with gathering power. This energy in reserve is characteristic of Michelangeloââ¬â¢s later figures. The Roman sculptorââ¬â¢s skill in precise rendering of heroic physique impressed Michelangelo. In David, without strictly imitating the antique style, Michelangelo captured the Lysippan athletes and the emotionalism of Hellenistic statuary. This David differs from Donatelloââ¬â¢s and Verrocchioââ¬â¢s as Hellenistic statues depart from classical ones. Michelangelo abandoned the self contained compositions of the 15th century David statues by giving Davidââ¬â¢s head the abrupt turn toward Goliath. Michelangeloââ¬â¢s David is compositionally and emotionally connected to an unseen presence beyond the statue; a quality in Hellenistic sculpture. As early as David, Michelangelo invested his efforts in presenting towering pent up emotion rather than calm ideal beauty. Julius IIââ¬â¢s Tomb The first project Julius II commissioned from Michelangelo in 1505 was the pontiffs own tomb. The original design called for a freestanding two story structure with some 28 statues. This colossal monument would have given Michelangelo the latitude to sculpt numerous human statues while providing the pope with a grandiose memorial which Julius intended to be in St. Peterââ¬â¢s. Shortly after the project began, it was interrupted, possibly because funds had to be diverted to Bramanteââ¬â¢s building of St. Peters. After Julius IIââ¬â¢s death in 1513, Michelangelo was forced to reduce the scale of the project step by step until, it became a simple wall tomb with one third of the originally planned figures. The tomb was completed in 1545 and was placed in San Pietro in Vincoli, Rome, where Julius at one time had been a cardinal. It is with surety that the ambitious Julius II would have been bitterly disappointed. The spirit of the tomb may be summed up in the figure of Moses, which Michelangelo had completed in 1513, during a sporadic resumption of work. It was meant to be seen from below and to be balanced with seven other massive forms related to it in spirit. The position of Moses now in his rather paltry settingââ¬â¢ does not have its original impact. Michelangelo depicted the Old Testament prophet seated, the Tablets of the Law under one arm and his hands gathering his voluminous beard. The horns were a recognizable convention to identify Moses. Michelangelo used the turned head, which concentrates the expression of awful wrath that stirs in Mosesââ¬â¢ powerful frame and eyes. The muscles bulge, the veins swell, and the great legs seem to begin slowly to move with pent up energy. Originally 20 sculptures of slaves in various attitudes of revolt and exhaustion, appear on the tomb. Bound Slave is one of those sculptures. Scholars question whether this sculpture and three other slave sculptures should have been part of Juliusââ¬â¢s tomb. Many scholars also reject their identification as ââ¬Å"slavesâ⬠or ââ¬Å"captives.â⬠What ever their intended purpose they are definitive. The figures do not represent an abstract concept, as in medieval allegory, but embody powerful emotional states associated with oppression. Michelangelo based his whole art on his conviction that whatever can be said greatly through sculpture and painting must be said through the human figure. The Sistine Chapel With the suspension of the tomb project, Julius gave the bitter and reluctant Michelangelo the commission to paint the Sistine Chapel in 1508. Michelangelo gave in hoping that the tomb commission would be revived. He faced enormous difficulties in painting the Sistine ceiling. He was inexperienced in fresco painting. The ceiling was some 5,800 square feet of surface to be covered and it was 70 feet above the ground. The vaultââ¬â¢s height and curve created complicated perspective problems. Yet, in less than four years, Michelangelo produced an unprecedented work a monumental fresco incorporating the patronââ¬â¢s agenda, Church doctrine, and the artistââ¬â¢s interests. The theme of the creation, the fall, and the redemption of humanity weave together more than 300 figures. A long sequence of narrative panels describing the Creation as recorded in Genesis, runs along the crown of the vault. The Hebrew prophets and pagan sibyls who foretold the coming of Christ appear seated in large thrones on both sides of the central row of scenes from Genesis where the vault curves down. In the four corner pendentives are placed four Old Testament scenes with David, Judith, Haman, and Moses and the Brazen Serpent. Scores of lesser figures also appear. The ancestors of Christ fill the triangular compartments above the windows, nude youths punctuate the corners of the central panels and small pairs of putti (cherub little boys) support the painted cornice surrounding the entire central corridor. The overall concept a sweeping chronology of Christianity was keeping with Renaissance ideas about Christian history. Such ideas include interest in the conflict between good and evil and between the energy of youth and the wisdom of age. The conception of the entire ceiling was astounding in itself, and the articulation of it in its thousand details was a superhuman achievement. One of the ceilings central panels, the Creation of Adam, is also one of the most famous. Michelangelo created a bold, entirely humanistic interpretation of the momentous event. God and Adam confront each other in a primordial unformed landscape of which Adam is still a material part. The Lord transcends the earth, wrapped in a billowing cloud of drapery and borne up by his powers. Life leaps to Adam like a spark from the extended hand of God. The communication between Gods and man was common in myth and the connection here is clear. It emphasizes how High Renaissance thought joined classical and Christian traditions. Beneath the Lordââ¬â¢s sheltering arm is a female figure comprehensive but uncreated. Scholars traditionally have believed this to be Eve, but recent scholarship suggests that it may be the Virgin Mary with the Christ Child at her knee. If this is true, Michelangelo incorporated into the fresco the basic tenets of the Christian faith. Raphael While Michelangelo was working on the Sistine Ceiling, Pope Julius II commissioned Raphael (1483 1520) to decorate the papal apartments in 1508. Raphael painted the Stanza della Segnatura (Room of the Signature the papal library) and the Stanza dââ¬â¢Eliodoro (Room of Heliodorus). His pupils completed the other rooms, following his sketches. On the Four walls in the Stanza della Segnatura, under the headings of Theology (Disputa), Law (Justice), Poetry (Parnassus), and Philosophy (School of Athens), Raphael presented images that symbolize and sum up Western learning as Renaissance society understood it. The frescos refer to the four branches of human knowledge and wisdom while pointing out the virtues and learning appropriate to a pope. Given Julius IIââ¬â¢s desire for recognition as both a spiritual and temporal leader, it is appropriate that the Theology and Philosophy frescos face each other. The two images present a balanced picture of the pope as a cultured, knowledgeable, individual, on the one hand, and as a wise, divinely ordained religious authority on the other. The Philosophy mural (the so called School of Athens) is the setting not of a school but a congregation of the great philosophers and scientists of the ancient world. Raphael depicted these luminaries rediscovered by Renaissance thinkers conversing and explaining their various theories and ideas. In a vast hall covered by massive barrel vaults that recall Roman architecture (and approximate the appearance of the new Saint Peterââ¬â¢s in 1509 when the painting was executed), colossal statues of Apollo and Athena, patron gods of the arts and of wisdom, oversee the interactions. Plato and Aristotle serve as the central figures around whom Raphael carefully arranged others. Plato holds his book Timaeus and points to heaven, the source of his inspiration, while Aristotle carries his book Nichomachean Ethics and gestures toward the earth, from which his observations of reality sprang. On Platoââ¬â¢s side are the ancient philosophers, men concerned with the ultimate mysteries that transcend this world. On Aristotleââ¬â¢s side are the philosophers and scientists concerned with the nature of human affairs. At the lower left, Pythagoras writes as a servant holds up the harmonic scale. In the foreground, Heraclitus (probably a portrait of Michelangelo) broods alone. Diogenes sprawls on the steps. At the right, students are around Euclid, who demonstrates a theorem. This group is especially interesting; Euclid may be the portrait of the aging Bramante. At the extreme right, just to the right of the astronomers Zoroaster and Ptolemy, both holding globes, Raphael included his own portrait. The figuresââ¬â¢ self assurance and natural dignity convey the very nature of calm reason that balance and measure the great Renaissance minds so admired as the heart of philosophy. In this work Raphael placed himself among the mathematicians and scientists. His convincing depiction of a vast perspective space on a two dimensional surface was the consequence of the union of mathematics, with pictorial space, here mastered completely. All the characters in the School of Athens, communicate moods that reflect their beliefs, and the artistââ¬â¢s placement of each figure tied these moods together. From the center, Raphael arranged groups of figures in an elliptical movement around Plato and Aristotle. It seems to swing forward, looping around the two foreground groups on both sides and then back again to the center. Moving through the wide opening in the foreground around the floorââ¬â¢s perspective pattern, the viewerââ¬â¢s eye penetrates the assembly of philosophers and continues, by way of the reclining Diogenes, up to the here reconciled leaders of the two great opposing camps of Renaissance philosophy. The perspectiveââ¬â¢s vanishing point falls on Platoââ¬â¢s left hand, drawing the viewerââ¬â¢s attention to Timaeus. In the works in the Stanza della Segnatura, Raphael reconciled and harmonized not only the Platonists and Aristotelians but also paganism and Christianity, surely a major factor in his appeal to Julius II. Galatea Pope Leo X (Giovanni de Medici, 1513 1521), the son of Lorenzo de Medici, succeeded Julius II as Raphaelââ¬â¢s patron. Leo was a worldly, pleasure loving prince who spent huge amounts on the arts. Raphael moved in the highest circles of the papal court, the star of a brilliant society. He was young, handsome, wealthy, and adulated, not only by his followers, but also by Rome and all Italy. Genial, even tempered, generous, and high minded. Raphaels personality contrasted with the mysterious and aloof Leonardo, or the tormented and obstinate Michelangelo. The Pope was not Raphaelââ¬â¢s only patron. His friend Agostino Chigi, an immensely wealthy banker who managed the papal stateââ¬â¢s financial affairs, commissioned Raphael to decorate his palace, the Villa Farnesina, on the Tiber with scenes from classical mythology. Outstanding among the frescos was Galatea, which Raphael based on Metamorphoses, by the ancient Roman poet Ovid. In Raphaelââ¬â¢s fresco, Galatea flees from her uncouth lover, the Cyclops Polyphemus, on a shell drawn by leaping dolphins. Sea creatures and playful cupids surround her. The painting erupts in unrestrained pagan joy and exuberance, an exultant song in praise of human beauty and zestful love. Raphael enhanced the liveliness of the composition by placing the sturdy figures around Galatea in bounding and dashing movements that always return to her energetic center. The cupids, skillfully foreshortened, repeat the circling motion. Raphael conceived his figures sculpturally. Galateaââ¬â¢s body is strong and vigorous in motion suggesting the spiraling motion of Hellenistic statuary, and contrasting with Botticelliââ¬â¢s, almost dematerialized Venus. Pagan myth presented in monumental form, in vivacious movement, and a spirit of passionate delight resurrects the naturalistic art and poetry of the classical world. Pope Paul III Pope Paul III maintained the lavish lifestyle of previous popes and was a great patron of the arts. He commissioned a palace for himself while he was still Cardinal Farnese. The Palazzo Farnese in Rome was designed by Antonio Da Sangallo the Younger (1483 1546) who established himself as the favorite architect of Pope Paul II and received many commissions that might have otherwise gone to Michelangelo. Antonio was from a family of architects and was an assistant and draftsman for Bramante. Antonio built fortifications for almost the entire papal state and received more commissions for military than for civilian architecture. The Palazzo Farnese set the standard for the High Renaissance palazzo and fully expresses the classical order, regularity, simplicity, and dignity of the High Renaissance. It was finished by Michelangelo after Antonioââ¬â¢s death in 1546. The Last Judgment Many of Pope Paul IIIââ¬â¢s commissions were part of an orchestrated campaign to restore the prominence of the Catholic Church in wake of the Protestant Reformation. The Reformation was the result of widespread dissatisfaction with the leadership and practices of the Catholic Church. Led by Clerics such as Martin Luther (1483 1546) and John Calvin (1509 1564) the Reformation directly challenged papal authority. The disgruntled Catholics voiced concerns about the sale of indulgences, nepotism, and high Church officials pursuing personal wealth. This reform movement resulted in the establishment of Protestantism, with sub groups such as Lutheranism and Calvinism. Central to Protestantism is a belief in personal faith rather than adherence to decreed Church practices and doctrines. This personal relationship between an individual and God, in essence eliminated the need for Church intercession central to Catholicism. Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2463268266912779389.post-77600065878144185202019-11-14T17:03:00.001-08:002019-11-14T17:03:04.400-08:00Kashmir Issue: Confrontations between India and Pakistani since Partiti In the late 1940s, when the two competing nationalist for India and Pakistani failed to reach accommodation, Britain decided to partition its Indian empire (Wirsing 22). The role of dividing the empire was on the hands of a British representative (Viceroy Lord Mountbatten). He facilitated creation of a Muslim subcontinent, Pakistani. The state of Pakistani was formed with two flanks (eastern and western) separated by 1500 miles of the new states of India (Wirsing 22). The main aim was to establish a region to be occupied by Muslims in the British India. The origins of Indo-Pakistani conflict over the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir are complex, rooted in the process of British colonial withdrawal from the sub-continent (Wirsing 22). Kashmir posed a distinct problem (Wirsing 22), and from the time it was established there have been serial conflicts. Indo-Pakistan war of 1947; this war took place with a formal declaration neither made by Pakistani nor India. The Indian army and rebels, supported by elements of the Pakistani army, fought a series of pitched battles with each side incurring sufficient losses (Ganguly and Devin 163). Indian army succeeded in acquiring some parts of Kashmir during the first days of the war, but this was soon shut down by insufficient equipment supplies and of army training. As soon as the rebels identified Indian army's weakness, they took advantage of the situation. This forced the Indian army into a tactical retreat, but this did not last long before the Indians launched a counter-offensive (Ganguly and Devin 163). To react to this, Pakistan army became directly involved in the war. Kashmir situation was more complex because it had a Muslim majority (about 80 percent), a border w... ...pments in the Indian politics depict an intense hatred between the Muslims and Hindus. Policy makers in both countries need to come up with long-term solutions to prevent further losses of lives. Policies which bridge the gap between differences in political, social and religious beliefs need to be implemented. Works Cited Fernandes, Clinton. Hot Spot: Asia and Oceania. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2008. Print. Ganguly, Sumit, and Devin T. Hagerty. Fearful Symmetry: India-Pakistan Crises in the Shadow of Nuclear Weapons. Seattle, Wash.: University of Washington Press, 2006. Print. Lyon, Peter. Conflict between India and Pakistan: an Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, 2008. Print. Wirsing, Robert. India, Pakistan, and the Kashmir Dispute: on Regional Conflict and its Resolution. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994. Print. Ridge Douglashttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16271221521400040909noreply@blogger.com0